天津泰达环保垃圾焚烧厂废气处理工艺设计

天津泰达环保垃圾焚烧厂废气处理工艺设计PROCESSDESIGNOFWASTEGASTREATMENTOFTIANJINTEDAENVIRONMENTALPROTECTIONGARBAGEINCINERATION专业：环境工程姓名：XXX指导教师姓名：申请学位级别：学士论文提交日期：2015年6月10日学位授予单位：天津科技大学I摘要垃圾焚烧废气是一种排放量较大、种类很多、排放较集中的废气，垃圾焚烧废气中含有多种污染物，其中包含酸性气体、颗粒物，重金属及其二恶英。垃圾焚烧废气的特点为具有腐蚀性，能见度低，气味难闻，致癌。这种废气如果不及时治理，会对人体健康和生存环境造成很大的危害。本设计采用3T+E焚烧工艺+SNCR脱硝+干式脱酸+活性炭喷射+布袋除尘器+湿式脱酸+活性炭吸附床工艺综合治理废气。采用3T+E焚烧工艺，能使CO的排放量达到排放标准，而且排放的二恶英以及氮氧化物排放量降低。利用活性炭喷射+布袋除尘器，可以有效的处理废气中的二恶英，重金属及颗粒物。利用干式脱酸+湿式脱酸，高效脱酸。活性炭吸附床吸附未处理干净的二恶英，氮氧化物以及硫化物等，导致综合的处理效率更高。本设计采用的废气处理工艺为：首先采用3T+E焚烧工艺，然后向焚烧炉喷尿素脱硝，接着进入余热锅炉进行余热回收，再进入降温塔，使温度降低到150℃左右，防止二恶英的再生成及使下列反应更高效，再接着向烟道内喷入消石灰粉和活性炭粉末，此时烟气到达了布袋除尘器，除颗粒物、重金属及消石灰和活性炭粉末，后面就是湿式反应塔进行二次除酸，最后到达了活性炭吸附床进行最后的尾气处理。此刻，气体排放的浓度达到《生活垃圾焚烧污染控制标准》（GB18485-2014）。处理后，降低对空气的污染，对国家经济的发展与改善天津当地的空气环境都是很重要的。关键词：垃圾焚烧废气；脱酸；二恶英；废气处理；活性炭吸附IIABSTRACTWasteincinerationfluegasisplentiful，various，concentrated．Wasteincinerationfluegascontainsheavymetals，dioxins，particulatematter，acidgasesandotherpollutants．Wastegasischaracterizedbycorrosive，lowvisibility，smelly，carcinogenic．Ifthiswasteisnottimelytreated，itwilldoharmtohumanhealthandthelivingenvironment．Thisdesignuses3T+E+SNCRdenitration+drydeacidification+activatedcarboninjection+bagfilter+wetdeacidification+activatedcarbonadsorptionbedprocesscomprehensivecontrolemissions．Using3T+Eincinerationprocess，itmakesCOemissionstomeetemissionstandardsandtoreduceemissionsofdioxinsandnitrogenoxides．Theuseofactivatedcarboninjection+bagfiltercaneffectivelydealwithemissionsofdioxins，heavymetalsandparticulatematters．Activatedcarbonbedofadsorptioncanremoveuntreateddioxins，sulfide，nitrogenoxides，etc．Sotheoverallprocessismoreefficient．Theexhaustgastreatmentprocessisasfollows．Firstly，3T+Eincinerationprocess，thenspraytheureatothedenitrationincinerator，thenenterthewasteheatboiler，thetemperatureisloweredtoabout150℃，topreventthere-creationofdioxinandpromotesthefollowingreaction,followedbyinjectinglimeintothefluedustandactivatedcharcoalpowder，thenthesmokereachesthebagfilter，inadditiontoparticulatematters，heavymetals,limeandactivatedcarbonpowder，afterthatthetwowetreactortowerromovetheacidonceagain，andfinallytotheactivatedcarbonadsorptionbedforthefinalexhaustgastreatment．Atthistimeexhaustgasconcentrationreachesgarbageburningpollutioncontrolstandards(GB18485-2014)．Afterprocessing，reducethepollutiontotheair，andthedevelopmentofnationaleconomyandimprovetheairenvironmentoftianjinlocalareveryimportant．Keywords:Wasteincineration；Acid；Dioxins；Fluegastreatment；ActivatedcarbonadsorptionIII目录第一章绪论........................................................................................................................1第二章设计说明书..........................................................................................................2第一节工程概述..........................................................................................................2第二节垃圾焚烧废气处理概况............................................................................5第三节本设计工艺流程确定......................................................8第三章设计计算书........................................................................................................15第一节焚烧炉.............................................................................................................15第二节余热锅炉........................................................................................................22第三节旋风除尘器...................................................................................................22第四节干法喷射........................................................................................................30第五节袋式除尘器...................................................................................................31第六节湿式洗涤塔...................................................................................................34第七节烟囱..................................................................................................................37第八节设备选型........................................................................................................38第四章平面布置.............................................................................................................40第一节处理单元构筑物的平面布置...............................................................40第二节管道的平面布置.........................................................................................40第三节厂区道路和围墙设计...............................................................................41第四节辅助建筑物...................................................................................................41第五章成本估算.............................................................................................................42第一节投资估算........................................................................................................42第二节废气处理成本计算....................................................................................43第六章环境经济损益分析.........................................................................................44参考文献...........................................................