非谓语动词之分词的用法

M5U2Grammarandusage分词的用法StepOne:Revision(不定式复习）主动式被动式一般式进行式完成式完成进行式todotobedoingtohavedonetohavebeendoingtobedonetohavebeendone用不定式的适当形式填空:1.__________theprojectasplanned,we’llhavetoworktwomorehoursaday.(complete)2.Hehurriedtothebookingofficeonly_______thatalltheticketshadbeensoldout.(tell)3.Theyknewherwell.Theyhadseenher_____upfromthechildhood.(grow)4.Themeeting_________tomorrowisimportant.(hold)5.Shewasthefirstwoman______thegoldmedalintheOlympicGames.(win)6.Withtwobadteeth___________,myfatherhastoseethedoctortomorrow.(pullout)Tocompletetobetoldgrowtobeheldtowintobepulledout一、分词分类二、分词的性质及功能具有______________性质，可以再句子担任_____________________。其中，现在分词表示主动的含义，或动作正在进行；过去分词表示被动含义，或动作已完成。现在分词过去分词表语，定语，宾补或状语形容词或者副词Steptwo：分词的用法分词的形式：现在分词主动形式被动形式一般式完成式doingbeingdonehavingdonehavingbeendone**过去分词done(唯一形式)**分词的否定式是在其结构前加not形式与句子主语的逻辑关系与句子谓动时间先后doinghavingdonebeingdonehavingbeendonedone主谓关系（主动）同时或基本同时发生主谓关系（主动）先于谓语动作的发生动宾（被动）关系同时或基本同时发生动宾（被动）关系先于谓语动作的发生动宾（被动）关系**现在分词各种形式所表示的含义主语表语宾语宾补介宾定语状语不定式现在分词过去分词√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√**分词的完成式不作宾补，不作定语．表语，定语，宾补或状语1）定语asleepingbabyababywhoissleepingarunningdogadogwhichisrunningabrokenglass=aglasswhichisbrokenabeatenteam=ateamwhichisbeatenThisistheproblemdiscussedatthemeeting.Thisistheproblemwhichwasdiscussedatthelastmeeting.Theproblembeingdiscussedisveryimportant.Theproblemwhichisbeingdiscussedisveryimportant.注意：1.单个分词做定语，放在所修饰的名词之前。分词短语做定语，放在所修饰的名词之后。2.分词做定语的句子一般能改写成定语从句。3.区别现在分词做定语和动名词做定语asleepingcarasleepingbabyareadingroomareadinggirlaswimmingpoolaswimmingplayer动名词做定语，表示某种功能；现在分词做定语，表示动作正在进行。ahearingaid助听器2）表语这个消息听起来令人振奋Thenewssoundsexciting.他们感到兴奋Thegotveryexcited.他的父亲对他的成绩感到很满意。Hisfatherseemspleasedwithhisscore.我的表不见了Mywatchisgone.注意：do+ing令人…..do+ed感到……(分词作表语具有形容词特征,没有动作意义)3）宾补当我醒来的时候，我发现妈妈正坐在我旁边。WhenIwokeup,Ifoundmymothersittingbesideme.我想找人秤这个包裹的重量。I’dliketohavethispackageweighed.我听到铃在某个地方正在响起。Ihearabellringingsomewhere.我找人把牙给拔了。Ihadatoothpulledoff.我发现蛇正在吃鸡蛋。Ifoundthesnakeeatingtheeggs.我看到蛇吃鸡蛋。Ifoundthesnake(to)eattheeggs.我发现鸡蛋被蛇吃了。Ifoundtheeggseatenbythesnake.Heheardsomeonecallinghim.他听到有人正在喊他。Heheardhisnamecalled.他听到他的名字被叫。Ican’tmakemyselfunderstoodbecauseofmypoorEnglish.因为我糟糕的英语，我不能让自己被理解。Ididn’tmakemyselfheardbecausealotofpeoplecriedinthehall.许多人在大厅里喊叫，所以我不能让自己被听见。注意：1.后接宾语再接分词做宾补的常用动词：感官动词：hearseenoticewatchfeelfind使役动词：makelethaveget2.动词不定式、现在分词、过去分词做宾补区别:动词不定式做宾补，表示动作全过程；现在分词做宾补表示动作正在进行；过去分词做宾补表示被动概念。分词作状语1.现在分词作状语◆Hearingthenews,theyalljumpedwithjoy.◆Herhusbanddiedtenyearsago,leavingherthreechildrentolookafter.◆Readingcarefully,you’lllearnsomethingnew.◆Travelingbycar,wevisitedmanyplaces.◆Hestayedathome,cleaningandwashing.(时间、结果、条件、方式、伴随)◆Notknowingheraddress,wecouldn’tvisitherinperson.◆Havingfoundthecause,thedoctorswereabletotreatthediseaseandcureit.◆Nothavingbeeninvited,shehadtostayathome.★总结：现在分词作状语时，其动作与谓语的动作同时或基本同时发生时，用一般体，即用doingsth.形式；如果分词的动作先于谓语动作发生时，用完成体，即用havingdonesth.形式；如果是否定，在分词前加not，即用notdoingsth.或nothavingdonesth.形式。★generallyspeaking（一般地来说）judgingfrom/by（根据……判断）considering…（考虑到）taking...intoconsideration（把......考虑进去）providing…（如果），supposing…（假设），◆Judgingfromhisaccent,hemustbefromthesouth.◆Consideringyourhealth,you’dbetterhavearest.2.过去分词作状语◆Facedwithdifficulties,wemusttrytoovercomethem.◆Givenanotherhour,Icanalsoworkoutthisproblem.◆Caughtinaheavyrain,hewasallwet.◆Laughedatbymanypeople,hecontinuedhisstudy.◆Theoldmanwentintotheroom,supportedbyhisdaughter.(时间、条件、原因、让步、伴随)★总结：过去分词作状语表示分词表示的动作与句子主语之间是被动关系，如果是否定，用notdone。★分词作状语还可由连词引起，表示各种意义：1.Pleasetakenoteswhilelisteningtothereport.2.Whengivenamedicalexamination,youshouldkeepcalm.3.Thoughlackingmoney,theparentsstillmanagedtosendtheirsontocollege.4.Youngpeopleshouldgoandworkwhereverneeded.5.Oncepublished,thebookwillbecomeabest-seller.6.Iwon’tattendhisweddingpartyunlessinvited.注意1.分词做状语可以还原为状语从句。2.运用此类句型时，前后主语要保持一致。随堂练习与巩固高考英语语法分类汇编--分词（09福建）1.______nottomisstheflightat15:20,themanagersetoutfortheairportinahurry.A.RemindingB.RemindedC.ToremindD.Havingreminded(09四川)2.______manytimes,hefinallyunderstoodit.A.ToldB.TellingC.HavingtoldD.Havingbeentold（09安徽）3.Theplay______nextmonthaimsmainlytoreflectthelocalculture.A.producedB.beingproducedC.tobeproducedD.havingbeenproducedBCD(09江西)4.Thegovernmentplanstobringinnewlaws_____parentstotakemoreresponsibilityfortheeducationoftheirchildren.A.forcedB.forcingC.tobeforcedD.havingforced(09上海)5.Billsuggested_____ameetingonwhattodofortheShanghaiExpoduringthevacation.A.havingheldB.toholdC.holdingD.hold(09浙江)6._______andshortofbreath,AndyandRubywerethefirsttoreachthetopofMountTai.A.totireB.TiredC.TiringD.BeingtiredBCB(09湖南)7.Attheageof29,Davewasaworker,______inasmallapartmentnearBostonand______whattodoabouthisfuture.A.living;wonderingB.lived;wonderingC.lived;wonderedD.living;wondered(09江西)8._________therightkindoftraining,theseteenagesoccerplayersmayonedaygrewtheinternationalstars.A.GivingB.HavinggivenC.TogiveD.Given(09重庆)9.Michael’snewhouseislikeahugepalace,______withhisoldone.A.comparingB.comparesC.tocompareD.compare