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1情态动词用法归纳情态动词有can(could),may(might),must,haveto,shall(should,will(would),dare(dared),need(needed),oughtto等。情态动词无人称和数的变化;不能单独使用,必须与其后的动词原形构成谓语一、can,could1)can,could表示能力(体力、知识、技能)。Canyouliftthisheavybox?(体力)Marycanspeakthreelanguages.(知识)Canyouskate?(技能)此时可用beableto代替。用beableto改写上面三个句子。Can只有一般现在时(can)和一般过去式(could);而beableto则有更多的时态。am/is/areableto(一般现在时):Iamabletodothisjob,其它几个自己改写was/wereableto(一般过去式):Hewasabletodothisjobwillbeableto(一般将来时):Iwill(won’t)beabletodothisjobthisafternoonI’llnotbeabletocomethisafternoon.当表示“经过努力才得以做成功某事”时应用beableto,不能用Can。如:Hecan’tswim,butheisabletocrosstheriver.2)can,could表示请求和允许。-----CanIgonow?=MayIgonow?-----Yes,youcan./No,youcan’t.=Yes,youmay./No,youmaynot.此时可与may互换。在疑问句中还可用could,might代替,不是过去式,只是语气更委婉,不能用于肯定句和答语中。----CouldIcometoseeyoutomorrow?----Yes,youcan.(No,I’mafraidnot.)3)表示客观可能性(客观原因形成的能力)。They’vechangedthetimetable,sowecangobybusinstead.Thishallcanhold500peopleatleast.4)表示推测(惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度),用于疑问句、否定句和感叹句中。Canthisbetrue?Thiscan’tbedonebyhim.Howcanthisbetrue?二、may,might1)表示请求和允许。might比may语气更委婉,而不是过去式。否定回答时可用can’t或mustn’t,表示“不可以,禁止”。----Might/MayIsmokeinthisroom?----No,youmustn’t.----May/MightItakethisbookoutoftheroom?----Yes,youcan.(No,youcan’t/mustn’t.)用MayI...?征徇对方许可时比较正式和客气,而用CanI...?在口语中更常见。2)用于祈使句,表示祝愿。Mayyousucceed!3)表示推测、可能性(不用于疑问句)。might不是过去式,它所表示的可能性比may小。1.Hemay/mightbeverybusynow.2.Yourmothermay/mightnotknowthetruth.2三、must,haveto1)表示必须、必要。Youmustcomeintime.在回答引出的问句时,如果是否定的,不能用mustn’t(禁止,不准),而用needn’t,don’thaveto(不必).----Mustwehandinourexercisebookstoday?----Yes,youmust.----No,youdon’thaveto/youneedn’t.2)must是说话人的主观看法,而haveto则强调客观需要。Must只有一般现在时,haveto有更多的时态形式。1.heplayisn’tinteresting,Ireallymustgonow.2.IhadtoworkwhenIwasyourage.3)表示推测、可能性(只用于肯定的陈述句)1.You’reTom’sgoodfriend,soyoumustknowwhathelikesbest.2.Yourmothermustbewaitingforyounow.四、dare,need1)dare作情态动词用时,常用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中,过去式形式为dared。1.HowdareyousayI’munfair?2.Hedaren’tspeakEnglishbeforesuchacrowd,darehe?3.Ifwedarednotgotherethatday,wecouldn’tgetthebeautifulflowers.2)need作情态动词用时,常用于疑问句、否定句。在肯定句中一般用must,haveto,oughtto,should代替。1.Youneedn’tcomesoearly.2.----NeedIfinishtheworktoday?----Yes,youmust./No,youneedn’t.3)dare和need作实义动词用时,有人称、时态和数的变化。在肯定句中,dare后面常接带to的不定式。在疑问句和否定句中,dare后面可接带to或不带to的不定式。而need后面只能接带to的不定式。1.Idaretoswimacrossthisriver.2.Hedoesn’tdare(to)answer.3.Heneedstofinishhishomeworktoday.五、shall,should1)shall用于第一人称,征求对方的意见。Whatshallwedothisevening?2)shall用于第二、三人称,表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。1.Youshallfailifyoudon’tworkhard.(警告)2.HeshallhavethebookwhenIfinishit.(允诺)3.Heshallbepunished.(威胁)六、will,would1)表示请求、建议等,would更委婉。Will/Wouldyoupassmetheball,please?32)表示意志、愿望和决心。1.Iwillneverdothatagain.2.Theyaskedhimifhewouldgoabroad.3)would表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向。would表示过去习惯时比usedto正式,且没有“现已无此习惯”的含义。1.Duringthevacation,hewouldvisitmeeveryotherday.2.Thewoundwouldnotheal.4)表示估计和猜想。Itwouldbeaboutteno’clockwhenshelefthome.七、should,oughtto1)should,oughtto表示“应该”,oughtto表示义务或责任,比should语气重。1.Ishouldhelpherbecausesheisintrouble.2.Yououghttotakecareofthebaby.2)表示劝告、建议和命令。should,oughtto可通用,但在疑问句中常用should。1.Youshould/oughttogotoclassrightaway.2.ShouldIopenthewindow?3)表示推测should,oughtto(客观推测),must(主观推测)。1.Hemustbehomebynow.(断定他已到家)2.Heoughtto/shouldbehomebynow.(不太肯定)3.Thisiswheretheoilmustbe.(直爽)4.Thisiswheretheoiloughtto/shouldbe.(含蓄)八、情态动词+不定式完成式(havedone)1)can/could+havedone在肯定句中表示“本来可以做而实际上能做某事”,是虚拟语气;在疑问句或否定句中表示对过去行为的怀疑或不肯定,表示推测。1.Youcouldhavedonebetter,butyoudidn’ttryyourbest.(虚拟语气)2.Hecan’thavebeentothattown.(推测)3.Canhehavegotthebook?(推测)2)may/might+不定式完成式(havedone)表示对过去行为的推测。不能用于疑问句中,没有虚拟语气的用法。Might所表示的可能性比may小。1.Hemaynothavefinishedthework.2Ifwehadtakentheotherroad,wemighthavearrivedearlier.3)must+不定式完成式(havedone)用于肯定句中,表示对过去行为的推测。意为“一定、想必”。其疑问、否定形式用can,can’t代替。参看1)can/could+havedone表示推测。1.YoumusthaveseenthefilmTitanic.2HemusthavebeentoShanghai.4)should+不定式完成式(havedone)用于肯定句中,表示对过去行为的推测。Heshouldhavefinishedtheworkbynow。表示“本应该做而实际上没有做某事”,其否定式表示某种行为本不该发生却发生了。可以与oughtto+不定式完成式(havedone)互换。1.Yououghtto/shouldhavehelpedhim.(butyoudidn’t.)2.Sheshouldn’thavetakenawaymymeasuringtape,forIwantedtouseit.5)needn’t+不定式完成式(havedone)表示“本来不必做而实际上做了某事”。Youneedn’thavewateredtheflowers,foritisgoingtorain.6)will+不定式完成式(havedone)主要用于第二、三人称,表示对已完成的动作或事态的推测。Hewillhavearrivedbynow情态动词也可以和动词进行形式或完成进行形式构成谓语:表示“应当正在……”,“想必正在……”4的意思。Whyshouldwebesittingheredoingnothing?Shemightstillbethinkingaboutthequestionyouraised.Hecan'tbeswimminginsuchweather.Atthemomentshemay(might)beplayingwithherschoolmates.Weneedn'tbestandinghereintherain.Wemighttakeshelterinthehutoverthere.情态动词间或也可以和一个动词的完成进行形式构成谓语,表示“应当一直在……”,“想必一直在……”这类意思。【例如】Theyaresweatingallover.Theymusthavebeenworkinginthefields.Theymayhavebeendiscussingtheproblemthismorning.Shecouldn'thavebeenswimmingallday.情态动词部分练习题1)You____allthoseclothes!WehaveawashingmachinetodothatsortofthingA)needn'thavewashedB)shouldn'thavewashedC)mustnothavewashedD)cannothavewashed2)John'sscoreonthetestisthehighestintheclass;he____lastnight.A)shouldstudyB)shouldhavestudiedC)musthavestudiedD)musthavetostudy3)Theroomisinaterriblemess;
本文标题:情态动词用法归纳
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