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1ElectroluminescentmaterialsforwhiteorganiclightemittingdiodesByKangbinLinChemicalSocietyReviews,2011,40(7):3467-3482.ContentsIntroductionMultipleemittersSinglemolecularemittersConclutionandoutlook23OLEDschematicdrawingIntroduction1.CIEchromaticitycoordinates(x,y)2.ColourRenderingIndex(CRI)3.CorrelatedColourTemperature(CCT)4.Luminouspowerefficiency(lmW-1)5.Luminousefficiency(cdA-1)6.Internalquantumefficiency7.Externalquantumefficiency8.Lifetime4IntroductionApproachestowhiteelectroluminescencefromorganic/organometallicemitters.5IntroductionStackedlayersemittingdifferentcolours10V(0.31,0.41)17cdA-1SamehostcompoundHighenergygapmCPandTAZ641.3lmW-1Stackedlayersemittingdifferentcolours7Anode–cathodelayer(ACL)11.2V(0.33,0.31)10.5%15.1V(0.33,0.38)5.3%Multipleemittersmixedinasinglelayer8BlendingpolymersDopingsmallmolecularemittersinawideenergygaphostMEH-PPV:5–28wt%rangePhasesegregatednanocrystallinePFOamorphousMEH-PPVdomainsEmissioncolour—voltage14V3.7cdA-1Multipleemittersmixedinasinglelayer9MinimumintermoleculardistanceEncapsulatedintofunctionalizedcyclodextrins(0.282,0.336)0.39cdA-1Multipleemittersmixedinasinglelayer10Thehost：chargetransport；blueemission.Secondnonemittingco-hostpolymer:PVKHolemobilityandMiscibilityMicrophase-separated6.2V(0.33,0.33)12.5cdA-120wt%2wt%0.5wt%DirectchargerecombinationLowconcentrationHost–guestenergytransfer14lmW-1Singlemolecularemitters11SimplifiedschemeNodeviceagingDifficultmoleculardesignandcolourpurityLowerefficiencySinglemolecularemitters12ITO/PEDOT:PSS/lightemittinglayer/LiF/AlTerthiophenemonomercoreAlternativeterthiophene(0.31,0.42)0.35%Cross-likeexcimeraggregateSinglemolecularemitters13PlatinumcomplexsBluemonomer/RedexcimerGoodtransportpropertiesConcentrationoftheemitter10–20wt%Incandescentlamps(15%)Singlemolecularemitters14MonomersandElectromersPLandELspectraofTECEBfilmSignificantdifferenceBlueemissionpeakedat450nmSingletexcitonsVoltageindependent(0.298,0.310)8V(0.304,0.327)15VSinglemolecularemitters15BroadPLandELemissionSingleorganometalliccomplexeSinglemolecularemitters16ITO/PEDOT:PSS/P1(120nm)/Ca/AgBenzothiadiazole(BT)苯并噻二唑Molarratio2%BTand1%NTI12.5cdA-1BlockpolymersSinglemolecularemitters170.005molarratio0.003molarratioAlkylspacer2.0lm/W-15.75lmW-122.62cdA-1Singlemolecularemitters18Bisindolylmaleimide(双吲哚马来酰亚胺)PolyfluorenePolycarbazole(聚咔唑)P5maleimidemolarratio：2%(0.33,0.33)P6BetterholetransportingEfficiencySinglemolecularemitters19Supramolecularcopolymerselfassemblypi-conjugatedoligomers(0.31,0.45)0.5mol%red,1.0mol%greenand98.5mol%blueSinglemolecularemitters20MoleculardyadEtherlinkageExcited-stateintramolecularprotontransferStokeshiftNoexcimersConclutionandoutlookThemostimportantclassesoforganicandorganometallicelectroluminescentmaterialsusedtoproducewhitelighthavebeenintroducedinthistutorialreviewtogetherwithmethodstocombineemittersofdifferentcolours.ItappearsclearthatresearcheffortsfocusingonnewemittingmolecularandpolymericcompoundsareattheheartoftheprogressofWOLEDtechnologyandadvancementswilllargelyrelyontheabilityofchemiststodesignandsynthesiseefficientmaterialsandproperlycombinethem.2122