新目标人教版初中八年级上册英语语法汇总[1]

1新目标人教版初中八年级上册英语语法汇总1)leave的用法1.“leave+地点”表示“离开某地”。例如WhendidyouleaveShanghai?你什么时候离开上海的2.“leavefor+地点”表示“动身去某地”。例如NextFriday,AliceisleavingforLondon.下周五3.“leave+地点+for+地点”表示“离开某地去某地”。例如WhyareyouleavingShanghaiforBeijing?你为什么要离开上海去北京2)情态动词should“应该”学会使用should作为情态动词用”的意思HowshouldIknow?我怎么知道Whyshouldyoubesolatetoday?你今天为什么来得这么晚should有时表示应当做或发生的事Weshouldhelpeachother.我们应当互相帮助。我们在使用时要注意以下几点1.用于表示“应该”或“不应该”的概念。此时常指长辈教导或责备晚辈。例如Youshouldbeherewithcleanhands.你应该把手洗干净了再来。2.用于提出意见劝导别人。例如Youshouldgotothedoctorifyoufeelill.如果你感觉不舒服3.用于表示可能性。should的这一用法是考试中常常出现的考点之一。例如Weshouldarrivebysuppertime.我们在晚饭前就能到了。Sheshouldbehereanymoment.她随时都可能来。3)What...?与Which...?1.what与which都是疑问代词what仅用来询问职业。如Whatisyourfather?你父亲是干什么的该句相当于Whatdoesyourfatherdo?Whatisyourfather'sjob?Which指代的是特定范围内的某一个人。如---WhichisPeter?哪个是皮特---TheboybehindMary.玛丽背后的那个男孩。2.What...?是泛指Which...?是特指Whatcolordoyoulikebest?你最喜爱什么颜色Whichcolordoyoulikebest,blue,greenoryellow?范围2你最喜爱哪一种颜色3.what与which后都可以接单、复数名词和不可数名词。如WhichpicturesarefromChina?哪些图片来自中国4)频度副词的位置1.常见的频度副词有以下这些alwaysusuallyoftensometimesnever2.频度副词的位置a.放在连系动词、助动词或情态动词后面。如Davidisoftenarriveslateforschool.大卫上学经常迟到。b.放在行为动词前。如Weusuallygotoschoolat7:10everyday.我们每天经常在710去上学。c.有些频度副词可放在句首或句尾SometimesIwalkhome,sometimeIridesabike.有时我步行回家我骑自行车。3.never放在句首时NeverhaveIbeenthere.5)everyday与everyday1.everyday作状语Wegotoschoolat7:10everyday.我们每天710去上学。IdecidetoreadEnglisheveryday.我决定每天读英语。2.everyday作定语ShewatcheseverydayEnglishonTVafterdinner.她晚饭后在电视上看日常英语。What'syoureverydayactivity?你的日常活动是什么6)什么是助动词1.协助主要动词构成谓语动词词组的词叫助动词AuxiliaryVerbMainVerb助动词自身没有词义Hedoesn'tlikeEnglish.他不喜欢英语。doesn't是助动词like是主要动词2.助动词协助主要动词完成以下功用a.表示时态Heissinging.他在唱歌。3Hehasgotmarried.他已结婚。b.表示语态HewassenttoEngland.他被派往英国。c.构成疑问句Doyoulikecollegelife?你喜欢大学生活吗DidyoustudyEnglishbeforeyoucamehere?你来这儿之前学过英语吗d.与否定副词not合用Idon'tlikehim.我不喜欢他。e.加强语气Docometothepartytomorrowevening.明天晚上一定来参加晚会。Hedidknowthat.他的确知道那件事。3.最常用的助动词有be,have,do,shall,will,should,would7)forgetdoing/todo与rememberdoing/todo1.forgettodo忘记要去做某事。(未做)forgetdoing忘记做过某事。(已做)Thelightintheofficeisstillon.Heforgottoturnitoff.办公室的灯还在亮着(没有做关灯的动作)Heforgotturningthelightoff.他忘记他已经关了灯了。(已做过关灯的动作)Don'tforgettocometomorrow.别忘了明天来。(tocome动作未做)典型例题----Thelightintheofficeisstillon.----OhIforgot___.A.turningitoffB.turnitoffC.toturnitoffD.havingturneditoff答案C。由thelightisstillon可知灯亮着forgettodosth.而forgetdoingsth表示灯已经关上了事实。此处不符合题意。2.remembertodo记得去做某事(未做)rememberdoing记得做过某事(已做)Remembertogotothepostofficeafterschool.记着放学后去趟邮局。Don'tyourememberseeingthemanbefore?你不记得以前见过那个人吗?8)It'sforsb.和It'sofsb.1.forsb.常用于表示事物的特征特点easy,hard,difficult,interesting,impossible等It'sveryhardforhimtostudytwolanguages.对他来说学两门外语是很难的。2.ofsb的句型一般用表示人物的性格good,kind,nice,clever,foolish,right。It'sveryniceofyoutohelpme.你来帮助我3.for与of的辨别方法用介词后面的代词作主语offor。如4Youarenice.(通顺of)。Heishard.(人是困难的for。)9)对两个句子的提问新目标英语在命题中有将对句子划线提问这一题型取消的趋势现在采取的作法是对一个句子进行自由提问。例如句子Theboyinbluehasthreepens.提问1.Whohasthreepens?2.Whichboyhasthreepens?3.Whatdoestheboyinbluehave?4.Howmanypensdoestheboyinbluehave?很显然角度句子Heusuallygoestotheparkwithhisfriendsat8:00onSunday.提问1.Whousuallygoestotheparkwithhisfriendsat8:00onSunday?2.Wheredoesheusuallygowithhisfriendsat8:00onSunday?3.Whatdoesheusuallydowithhisfriendsat8:00onSunday?4.Withwhomdoesheusuallygototheparkat8:00onSunday?5.WhattimedoesheusuallygototheparkwithhisfriendsonSunday?6.Whendoesheusuallygototheparkwithhisfriends?10)so、such与不定冠词的使用1.so与不定冠词a、an连用so+形容词+a/an+名词”。如Heissofunnyaboy.Jimhassobigahouse.2.such与不定冠词a、an连用such+a/an+形容词+名词”。如Itissuchaniceday.Thatwassuchaninterestingstory.11)使用-ing分词的几种情况1.在进行时态中。如HeiswatchingTVintheroom.Theyweredancingatnineo'clocklastnight.2.在therebe结构中。如Thereisaboyswimmingintheriver.3.在havefun/problems结构中。如WehavefunlearningEnglishthisterm.Theyhadproblemsgettingtothetopofthemountain.4.在介词后面。如Thanksforhelpingme.Areyougoodatplayingbasketball.5.在以下结构中enjoydoingsth乐于做某事finishdoingsth完成做某事feellikedoingsth想要做某事5stopdoingsth停止做某事forgetdoingsth忘记做过某事goondoingsth继续做某事rememberdoingsth记得做过某事likedoingsth喜欢做某事keepsbdoingsth使某人一直做某事findsbdoingsth发现某人做某事see/hear/watchsbdoingsth看到/听到/观看某人做某事trydoingsth试图做某事needdoingsth需要做某事preferdoingsth宁愿做某事minddoingsth介意做某事practicedoingsth练习做某事bebusydoingsth忙于做某事can'thelpdoingsth禁不住做某事missdoingsth错过做某事12)英语中的“单数”1.主语的第三人称单数形式he,she,it”代替的。如he,she,itmyfriend,histeacher,ourclassroom,Tom,Mary'suncle2.名词有单数名词和复数名词。如man---men复数banana---bananas3.动词有原形-ing分词go---goes---going---went---gonework---works---working---worked---workedwatch---watches---watching---watched---watched当主语为第三人称单数的时候动词必须用相应的第三人称单数形式。如Theboywantstobeasalesassistant.OurEnglishteacherisfromtheUS.Theirdaughtermakesherbreakfastallbyherself.13)名词的复数构成的几种形式名词复数的构成可分为规则变化和不规则变化两种。I名词复数的规则变化1.一般在名词词尾加-s。如pear---pearshamburger---hamburgersdesk---deskstree---trees2.以字母-s,-sh,-ch,-x结尾的名词-es。如class---classesdish---disheswatch---watchesbox---boxes3.以字母-o结尾的某些名词-es。如potato---potatoestomato---tomatoesNegro---Negroeshero---heroes4.以辅音字母加-y结尾的名词-y变为-i,再加-es。如family---familiesdictionary---dictionariescity---citiescountry---countries5.以字