初三 句子成分与主谓一致专题

1句子成分与主谓一致专题第一部分：句子成分一.句子结构的基本类型：1.主谓句：Jackgetsupearlyeveryday.（vi.不及物动词）2.主谓宾句：Jackbroketheschoolrules.Theteacherhadtopunishhim.（vt.及物动词）3.主谓双宾句：Wouldyoupleaseshowmeanothernewcamera?(vt.双宾动词)4.主系表句（或系表结构）：Jacklookshard-working,butheisreallylazy.(l.v.联系动词)5.祈使句（无主句）：Jack,don’tstandhere.Gotoplaysports,please.二.试分析以下句子的主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语并注意谓语动词的时态：1.Mybrother’sbestfriendJohnbrokehisleftlegonthewaytoschoolthismorning.It’stoobad.2.JacksonhasalreadyworkedinChinasincehecamehereoneandahalfyearsago.3.Doyouoftenkillsomemosquitoesatnightinsummer?4.IcanguessthatMikeandMaryarewatchingamovieinthecinemaatpresent?5.IthinkIamnotgood-looking,butIcanrunveryfast.LasttermIgotthefirstplaceatthesportsmeetinourschool.6.Mymotherpromisedthatshewouldsendmeaveryspecialgiftatmy15thbirthdayparty.第二部分：主谓一致一．主谓一致的三个基本原则：A．语法一致。1.一致原则：主单---谓单/主复---谓复的基本句子结构中。2.不一致原则：特例原则。a.不定代词（some,any,no，every/body,one,thing,where）作主语时,其谓语用单数。b.主语后面有with,aswellas,like,except等介词引起的人称和数时，其后的谓语动词单复数变化区别处理。B．意义一致。指主语人称的单、复数变化根据其实际单复数内在含义决定。例如，thepolice/public/staff…，thepoor/wounded…形式上是单数，其内含是指复数，故谓语用复数；然而news,politics…,表面是复数，实际上指单数，故其谓语用单数。C．就近一致原则。在一些固定句型中，如therebeAandB，eitherAorB,neitherAnorB,notonlyAbutalsoB的结构作主语时，其谓语动词的单、复数由与动词最靠近的一项决定。二．主谓一致的9种常考情形：1．表时间、数量、重量、价格、长度、运算公式等的词或词组作主语时，形式上它们是复数，但应该将其视作一个整体，即“三单”处理。其谓语动词也相应使用单数形式。例如，1).Threeweeksisashorttime.2).47and23is70.2．动词不定式、动名词、从句作主语时,其谓语动词也相应使用单数形式。例如，1).Toseeistobelieve.2).Itisnoteasyforustolearnmathwell.3).It’struethatdroppinglitteranywhereisnotright.3．由and连接的成分作主语时，要根据其实际含义来决定其谓语动词的单、复数。例，1).Thefamouswriterandtheteacherarecomingheresoon.Thefamouswriterandteacheriscomingheresoon.2).Thetomatoandeggismyfavoritedish.It’sdelicious.4．集合名词作主语的几种情况：a.thepolice/public/staff/poultry…2b.thepoor/rich/dead/old/living/wounded…c.theSmiths/theTurners/theChengs…d.thefamily,team,class,group…，这组特殊词的单、复数的变化要看其实际含义而定。表整体、称呼时，作单数；表个体、内容时，作复数。例如，Myfamilyaregoinghikinginthemountainsnextweek.AllofusthinkthatTom’sfamilyisagoodexampletous.5．名词性物主代词mine,ours,yours,his,hers,theirs,its作主语时,其单、复数的变化由其实际含义而定。例如，Hisparentsaretallandthin,whileminearetallandheavy.6．以s结尾的固有名词作主语时，其形式上是复数，但其本身算作单数，故其谓语用单数。例如，news,maths,politics,physics,…7．在therebe…,herebe…；either…or…,neither…nor…,or…,notonly…butalso…等连接名词或代词作主语时，其谓语动词的单、复数与其最靠近的主语单、复数一致，即就近原则。例如，1）Hereissomepaperandtwolettersforyouonthetable,Tracy.2)NotonlymyclassmatesbutMrSmiththinksthefirstprizeshouldcometoourclass.8．在kindof,pairof,glassof等量词短语前面有this,the或my,your,his…时，应以kind,pair,glass为主体，而其后的名词则为其次。例如，1).Look,thiskindofTVsetsatthemallisprettycheap.2).Therearetwoglassesofmilkonthetable,too.但是，allkindsof…,differentkindsof…的短语中：a.Insummer,differentkindsoffoodsareverypopularinJinliStreetinChengdu.b.Actually,notallkindsofmeatattheCarrefourmarketisverycheap.9．a.不定代词（some--/any--/no--/every--+thing/one/body/where）作主语时，其本身只作单数；b.单数代词（one/each/either/neither/much）作主语时，其谓语用单数。1).Muchofthebreadwasleftonthetablejustnow.2).EachofushasanEnglish-Chinesedictionaryinmyclass.c.复数代词（both,many）作主语时，其谓语用复数数。d.单复各表的代词（all,some,most,any）作主语时，其谓语的单复数随机应变。例如，1).I’msurethatnotalloftheworkhasbeenfinishedalready.2).Mostofthestudentsarestillintheclassroomnow.第三部分：主谓一致练习一．把下面汉语翻译成英语:1.据说，这种品牌的电视机在商场里不好卖。It_______saidthatthiskindofTVsets_______________wellatthemall..2.现在，我们每个人都有自己的一本英汉词典了。At__________,weeach__________anEnglish-Chinesedictionary________our________.3.事实上，并非家乐福所有的肉都便宜。__________,notallkindsofmeatattheCarrefourmarket_______verycheap.4.我觉得，十磅的东西并不重。Ten_________________notsoheavy,Ithink.5.八月份，除了爸爸，还有妈妈要和我一起去北京看奥运比赛。________myfather,mymum________IisgoingtoBeijing________________theOlympicgames.6.不错，我的这双鞋有点旧了，但是还结实。3Yes，mypairofshoes________________________old._________,________prettystrong.7.看，Henry和他的同学在操场上打排球。________!Henry_______hisclassmatesisplayedvolleyball_______theplayground.8.其实，Tom,Larry和我都不是加拿大人。我们是美国人。Actually,neitherTom_________LarrynorI________fromCanada.Weare_________.二．选择适当的选项填空：A组：1.BothLilyandLucy_______tothepartylastweekend.A.invitedB.wasinvitedC.hadinvitedD.wereinvited2.EveryoneexceptTomandJerry_______therewhenthemeetingbegan.A.areB.isC.wasD.were3._______thebooksinourlibrary_______about20,000.A.Thenumberof,areB.Anumberof,isC.Thenumberof,isD.Anumberof,are4.----HowaboutyourCDsnow,Mike?----Oh,mine________oldandsomeofthem_______evenbroken.A.is,areB.is,isC.are,areD.are,is5.Theworkmen_______busy_______thesmallpartstogetherintheworkshop.A.is,withB.are,puttingC.is,puttingD.be,with6.________wassenttothatcountryafterthewarwasover.A.LotsofcoatsB.AlotoffoodC.ManykindsoffoodsD.Muchwater7.----Doyouknowhowmanysheep_______inAustralia?----Sorry,Idon’tknow.A.isthereB.thereareC.arethereD.thereis8.Physics_______myfavoritesubject,Ithink.A.isn’tB.doesn’tC.areD.aren’t9.----DoyoulikewatchingcookingshowonTV,Mary?----No.Butmytwinsister________.She’squitefondofcooking.A.isB.areC.doesD.do10.Look,someofthebread________beeneatenontheplate.A.hasn’tB.isC.haveD.aren’t11.Sorry,mycarisfull,sothere________forthisbigbox.A.arenoroomsB.islittleroomC.isafewroomD.areafewrooms12.Thenumberoftheteachersinourschoolisabout150,a