2015届高三英语(新课标)二轮复习专题限时训练【科普知识型阅读理解(带详解)】

-1-专题限时训练[科普知识型阅读理解(二)](限时：25分钟)(一)Ahugecloudofdustroseandanoverpassdisappeared.ThiswasthesceneinZhuzhou,HunanProvinceonMay17.Ninepeoplewerekilledandsixteeninjured.Thingsweresimilarin2008intheSichuanearthquake.Thousandsofpeoplewereburiedintheruinsandlosttheirlives.Whatifwecouldhavewarnedthem?Peoplearealwaysracking_their_brainstofindawayofpreventingbuildings'collapse.Bettermaterialsandtechnologieshelp,buttheyarenotasolution.Justlikehumans,abuildinghasitsownlifecyclefrom“birth”to“death”．Ifweknowwhenabuildingisgoingtocollapse,wecanrepairitinadvanceorgetoutofitbeforeitfalls.Now,scientistsattheUniversityofIllinoishavedevelopedamaterialthatturnsredbeforeitbreaks.Theinventioncouldbeusedinthingslikeclimbingropesorbridgesupports.TheresearchwasledbyNancySottos,aprofessorattheuniversity'sBeckmanInstitute,andDouglasDavis,agraduateresearchassistant.Thesecretbehindthecolour­changingmaterialisatypeofmolecule(分子)．Amoleculeisagroupofatomsheldtogetherbychemicalbonds.Imagineyouandyourfriendsstandinacircle,holdinghands.Eachpersonstandsforoneatom;yourhandsrepresentthebonds，andtheentirecirclerepresentsamolecule.Ifonepersonletsgoofhisorherhands,themoleculechangescolour.Theresearchteamputthemoleculeintoasoftmaterial.Whentheresearchersstretchedthematerial,itturnedbrightredforafewsecondsbeforeitbrokeintotwopieces.Whentheyrepeatedlystretchedandrelaxedthematerial，withoutbreakingit,itonlyturnedalittlered.Themajorproblemisthatlightcangetridoftheredcolour.Whentheteamshonebrightlightonthemolecule,thebrokenbondwasfixed,andthecolourdisappeared.Ifthebrightlightkeepstheredcolourfromappearing,thematerial'swarningsystemwillbeuseless.Scientistsstillhavealotofworktodobeforethecolour­changingmoleculescanbeusedoutsidethelab.1．Whatdoesthepassagemainlyintroduce?A．ThecollapseofanoverpassinZhuzhou,HunanProvince.B．TheSichuanearthquake.C．Amaterialthatturnsredbeforeitbreaks.D．Awayofpreventingbuildingsfromcollapsing.2．Theunderlinedwords“rackingtheirbrains”inthethirdparagraphmean“________”．A．sufferingalotB．collectingbeyondimaginationC．losingalotD．thinkingveryhard3．WhichofthefollowingisaWRONGstatement?A．ThousandsofpeoplediedfromthecollapseofbuildingsintheSichuanearthquakebecausetheyhadn'tbeenwarned.B．Thereisnobuildingthatwillnevercollapse.C．Anewmaterialhasbeenappliedtobuildingstowarnpeopleofcollapse.D．Acolour­changingmaterialcanturnredbeforeitbreaks.4．Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A．Thecolour­changingmoleculesarecertaintobeusedoutsidethelab.B．Therewillbenocollapsewiththehelpofthecolour­changingmaterial.C．Thereisalongwaytogobeforethematerialcanbeapplied.D．Theproblemcausedbybrightlightwillbesolvedbyscientists.(二)Thesoundofamosquitocanmeantroubleinmanypartsoftheworld.Thebiteofthemosquitocanbedeadly.Theinsectscarryseriousdiseaseslikemalaria.Itisestimatedthatalmost630,000peoplediedfrommalariaandmalaria­relatedcausesin2012,andmostofthesecaseswereinAfricancountries.-2-IntheUnitedStates,agroupofCaliforniascientistsareworkingtodevelopamoreeffectiveandlesscostlysubstance(物质)toprotectpeoplefrommosquitoes.Theresearchersareinvestigatingthesenseofsmellinmosquitoes.Theyfoundtheinsectsusethesamereceptor(感受器)foridentifyingcarbondioxideinhumanbreathastheydoforthesmellofourskin.AnandasankarRay,whoisleadingtheinvestigation,saysscientiststestedmorethanamillionchemicalcompounds(化合物)untiltheyfoundasubstancecalledEthylpyruvate.HesaysEthylpyruvatemakesthemosquitoes'receptorsinactive.“WhenweapplyEthylpyruvatetoahumanarmandofferittohungrymosquitoesinacage,veryfewofthemosquitoesareattractedtothehumanarmbecauseonlyafewofthemareabletosmellitout，”saidRay.GenevieveTauxe,amemberoftheresearchteam,saysitwasnoteasytofindtheneurons(神经元)ofnoblecellsthatrecognizeboththesmellofhumanbreathandskin.“Withthedeviceusedtoexaminethemosquito,weareabletoinsertaverysmallelectrode(电极)intothepartofthemosquito'snose,whereitssmellingneuronsareandwherethesmellishappening，”saidTauxe.AnandasankarRaysaysaproductbasedonEthylpyruvatemaycostlesstoproducethanDEFT，themosteffectivechemicaltreatmentnowinuse.HesaysDEFTistoocostlyformostpeoplewholiveinareasaffectedbymalaria.“Perhapsbyfindingsmellsthatcanattackothertargetreceptors,wewillbeabletoimproveuponDEFTandfinallyhavethenextgenerationofinsectbehaviourcontrolproducts，”saidRay.5．Thebesttitleofthepassageismostprobably“________”．A．ScientistsfindanewsubstancetofightmosquitoesB．AnewgenerationofDEEThasbeendevelopedtokillmosquitoesC．Malaria—aseriousdiseasecausing630,000deathsD．Ethylpyruvate—aninsectbehaviourcontrolproduct6．Accordingtothepassage,Ethylpyruvatecan________.A．killthemosquitoes'smellingneuronsB．causethemosquitoestolosetheirsensesofsmellC．resultintheinactivenessofthemosquitoes'receptorsD．makethemosquitoesuninterestedinhumanbreathandskinsmell7．Throughthepassage,thewriteraimsto________.A．informreadersofthenewdevelopmentinfightingmosquitoesB．praisetheachievementsmadeinthebattleagainstmalariaC．introduceacheaperproductinfightingmosquitoesD．tellthedifferencesbetweenEthylpyruvateandDEET8．Thispassagemostprobablyappearsin________.A．thecolumnofnewspaperadsB．thehealthcolumnofama