选修6第三单元语法

Theuseof“it”LearningaboutLanguage____wasasunnyday.Peterdecidedtogoforawalktothepark,though_____wastwomilesaway.___wassocomfortabletowalkonthestreet.itItItLeadinSuddenly___begantorain.Hefound__hardtowalkthere.Thenhetookabushome.Unfortunately___wentwrong.Whenhegothome,hewaswetthrough.Thus___wasadaythathewouldneverforget.ititititTheuseof“it”learningaboutgrammarDiscovering“It”1.Itrainsheavily.2.Itis20kilometersfromGranddad'shousetoJames’.3.ItisNovember11,2005.4.Itis9o’clockatnight.5.It'llbelovelyinthegardentonight．6.Itisbadtosmoke.7.IfinditdifficulttolearnEnglishwell.8.Whatisthist/that?Itisacellphone.9.Whatabeautifulbaby?Isitaboy?10.Mycatismissing,Ican’tfinditanywhere.天气距离日期时间形式主语环境形式宾语不明性别的成人或幼儿上文提到的事物(同一物)替代指示代词this/thatS1.Whatisthis?Itisacellphone.S2.Whatisthat?Itishisdictionary.S3.Whosebookisthis?ItisMrCheng’s.S4.WhereisyourEnglishbook?Itishere.S5.Mycatismissing,Ican’tfinditanywhere.S6.Whatabeautifulbaby?Isitaboy?Drawaconclusion:1.It---词性?______可以用作人称代词，代指_______________还可以替代指示代词_____或______或__________________________pron.前文提到的事物.thatthis指代性别不详的人或者是幼儿一、it用作代词ItisFridaytoday.ItwasverycoldlastMonday.Itisabout8:30now.Itisabout25kmfromLongxiantoBazi.ItliesinthesouthofShaoguancity.Itis40°C!Yougotahighfever!2.it可以用作非人称代词,表示_____,_____,______,______,______,______等。dateweathertimedistanceplacetemperature日期天气时间距离地点温度Readandanalyzethefollowingsentences.二、作引导词，在句中作形式主语或形式宾语，代替后面的动词不定式、动名词或从句。1)代替“todo”ItisimportantforustolearnEnglishwell.Ifounditnecessarytotellhimaboutthematter.2)代替“doing”Itisnousequarrellingwithhimaboutit.Ithinkitnogoodtalkingtoher.3)代替“clause”Itdoesn’tmatterwhetherhewillcomeornot.Ithinkitnecessarythatwewillattendthemeeting.替代作主语的从句、动词不定式、动名词，而把真正作主语的从句、动词不定式、动名词置于句尾。常用于以下特殊句式：一)it用作形式主语（1）Itis/was+adj.+forsb.todosth.for前的形容词通常为描述事件的形容词：如easy,difficult,necessary,impossible,important等Itisillegalforamantodriveacarwithoutalicense.1.it作形式主语动词不定式做真正主语（2）Itis/was+adj.+ofsb.todosth.of前的形容词通常为描述人的形容词：如kind,clever,nice,rude,cruel,considerate,foolish,wise等It'skindofyoutohelpmewiththeproblem.It‘snogooddoing…做…没有好处It‘snousedoing…做…没有用It‘snofundoing…做…没有趣It‘snopleasuredoing…做…没有乐趣It‘sawasteoftimedoing…做…浪费时间记住：Therebe的几个固定句型：Thereisnopoint(in)doing…做…没有意义Thereisnosense(in)doing…做…没有意义Thereisnotrouble(in)doing…做…不困难Thereisnodifficulty(in)doing…做…不困难Thereisnoneed(forsb.)todosth.做…没有必要Thereisnopossibilitythat……是不可能的Thereisnodoubtthat…毫无疑问…2.It做形式主语，动名词做真正主语的常见句型有：3.it作形式主语,从句做真正主语①Itisclear(obvious,true,possible,certain…)that...Itisobviousthathehasknownthetruth.第一类：Itis+形容词+that从句②Itisimportant/necessary/strange/natural...)that...在此句型中，that后的从句中要用“should+动词原形”的形式，其中should可以省略。Itisimportantthatwe(should)learnEnglishwell.①Itissaid(reported/believed/thought/known/told/hoped.....)that...It’sknownYaoMingisaworld-famousbasketballplayer.第二类：Itis+V-ed+that…=sb./sth.istodo②Itissuggested(ordered/demanded/requested/commanded...)that...在此句型中，that后的从句中要用“should+动词原形”的形式，其中should可以省略。Itissuggestedthatthemeeting(should)beputoff.第三类：Itis+名词+that从句Itisapity(ashame/anhonor/fact/asurprise/...)that...该句型中，that后的从句一般用虚拟语气(should+动词原形)should可省去,表示出乎意料,常译为“竟然”。没有这种意义时，则不用虚拟语气。例如：Itisnowonderthat…难怪…Itisapitythatsuchathing(should)happeninyourclass.Itisapitythatheisill.他生病了，真遗憾！第四类：It+不及物动词(happens/appears/seems…)+that从句二)it作形式宾语当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式、动名词、宾语从句时，往往把宾语放在它的补足语后面，而用it作形式宾语，放在宾语补足语之前。该句型中的it作形式宾语，常用的动词有think,believe,make,find,consider,feel等。【6123结构】主语+动词+it+形容词/名词+不定式/动名词/从句6123常见的it做形式宾语构成的句型：①Sb.think/find/consideritimportant(necessary/helpful…)forsb.todosth.IthinkitusefulformetoreadEnglishaloudeverymorning.②makeitclearthat…弄清楚；使明白Hemadeitclearthatwemustobeytherules.③takeitforgrantedthat…认为…是理所当然的Manychildrentakeitforgrantedthattheyshouldasktheirparentsformoney.④makeitarulethat…使…为习惯Hemakesitarulethathegetsupbeforedawn.⑤在动词like,love,enjoy,prefer,hate,appreciate后接if/when/that从句时一般用it做形式宾语结构为：Sb.like/love/enjoy/prefer/hate/appreciateitif/when/that…⑥在短语answerfor负责,dependon依赖,insiston坚持,seeto负责，照顾后接从句时一般用it做形式宾语结构为：dependon/insiston/seetoitthat…Iconsideritwrongtocheatinanexamination.Don'tyoufinditawasteoftimewatchingtelevisiontoomuch?IthoughtitstrangethatJackshouldhavehadsomuchmoneytospendthesedays.Ican’thelpitifsheisalwayslate.Ihateitwhenpeopletalkwiththeirmouthfull.Idon’tlikeitwhenaChinesehostkeepsservingmethefoodIdon’tlike.I’dappreciateitifyoucangivemesomeusefulinformation.在一些固定用法中考查常见的固定用法有:makeit成功，安排在或定在某时间forgetit别提了，忘了它吧Don’tmentionit别提了，表示不用谢Itdoesn’tmatter没关系It(That)depends视情况而定Youguessedit你猜着了It’shardtosay很难说It’suptoyoutodosth.由你来决定做某事IfIcanhelpit如果我有办法的话Whenitcomesto…当谈到…时1.在短语askfor,dependon,answerfor,insiston,seeto等后接从句时，必须用形式宾语.Shewillanswerforitthathepassestheexam.2.在某些及物动词如like,love,enjoy,prefer,hate,appreciate等之后若没有出现宾语，而直接跟上if/when引导的从句时，要在从句前加上代词it。I’dappreciate____ifyouwouldliketoteachmehowtousethecomputer.(2006,山东)A.ThatB.itC.thisD.youThechairmanthought___necessarytoinviteProfessorSmithtospeakatthemeeting.(05全国)A.thatB.itC.thisD.himB形式宾语四、用于强调句型中Itis/was+被强调部分+that/who...Itisnotuntil+被强调部分+that...ImetTominthepar