2012届中考英语二轮复习语法专题篇语法互动(十三)_复合句(宾语从句、状态从句、定语从句) 4

·译林牛津版·译林牛津版课标考点1．掌握宾语从句的分类及其用法。2．掌握状语从句的分类及其用法。3．掌握定语从句的分类及其用法。考点一：宾语从句1．引导词(1)在以that引导的宾语从句中，若是that引导陈述句作宾语，that可以省略。如：Theradiosays(that)itwillraintomorrow.收音机报道说明天要下雨。·译林牛津版(2)以连接代词which，what，who等或连接副词how，where，why，when等引导特殊疑问句作宾语的从句，从句改用陈述语序。如：Couldyoutellme______________toyou?你能告诉我他跟你说了些什么吗？(3)以whether或if引导一般疑问句或选择疑问句作宾语的从句，从句改用陈述语序。如：Iwonder__________youhavetoldthenewstoLiLei.我想知道你是否已经告诉李雷这个消息了。whathesaidif/whetherCanyouguess________thenewNikesportsshoes?-----Yes.Maybeheaskedhisgrandpatopayforthem,Ithink.A.howhepaidforB.whereheboughtC.whenhepaidforD.whyheboughtA·译林牛津版2．时态(1)当主句为一般现在时、现在进行时、或一般将来时时，从句使用相对应的时态。如：Xiaomingwantstoknowwhattimeyougotupthismorning.小明想要知道今天早晨你是几点起床的。(2)当主句为一般过去时时，从句要用相对应的过去时。如：WeaskedwhatJeanwasdoingthen.我们问Jean那时正在做什么。·译林牛津版(3)当从句表述的是客观真理或普遍规律时，宾语从句要使用一般现在时。如：Lisaaskedwhetherlight_____________fasterthansound.丽萨问光的传播速度是否比声速快。Pollysaidnonewsisgoodnews.波利说没有消息就是好消息。travels/goesMypenpalfromAmericaiscomingtovisitme.I'mthinkingabout___________.A.whatpresentdidIgiveherB.howIwillgiveherasurpriseC.wherewillwehaveabigmealD.whetherIplannedatripforherBCouldyoupleasetellme_____________?A.whydoestheearthgoaroundthesunB.whytheearthgoesaroundthesunC.whytheearthwentaroundthesunB·译林牛津版3．语序(1)陈述句改为宾语从句，语序不变，即仍用陈述语序。Heisagoodboy.Theteachersaid.→Theteachersaid(that)hewasagoodboy.(2)一般疑问句和特殊疑问句改为宾语从句，语序改为陈述语序。Doesheworkhard？Iwonder.→Iwonderif/whether______________.Whendidheleave？Idon'tknow.→Idon'tknowwhenheleft.heworkshardDoyouknow__________?----AttheendofJuly.A.howsoonisyoursistercomingbackhomeB.howoftenNancyhearsfromherpenfriendC.whenthelondonOlympicGameswillbeheldD.whenwillthenewcomputergamecomeoutC·译林牛津版4．宾语从句与简单句的转换由特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句常可以转换为“特殊疑问词＋todo”结构的简单句。如：Idon'tknowwhatIshouldsay.＝Idon'tknowwhattosay.我不知道说什么。·译林牛津版考点二：状语从句1．用法分类(1)时间状语从句由when，before，after，until，assoonas，while，as，since等引导的状语从句叫做时间状语从句。如：Ifeelveryhappy______Imeetmyfriendsagain.Wehavemademanydumplings______webegantocook.Hedidn'tgotobed______hefinishedhishomework.whensinceuntil·译林牛津版I'llcallhim__________hecomesback.他一回来我就给他打电话。Fatherwascleaningthecar______Iwasplayingcomputergames.当我正在打电子游戏时，爸爸正在清洗汽车。(2)条件状语从句由if(如果)引导的状语从句，叫做条件状语从句。______itdoesn‘traintomorrow，wewillgotherebybike.如果明天不下雨，我们就骑自行车去那里。assoonaswhileIf·译林牛津版从句名称引导词地点状语从句where，wherever原因状语从句because，as和since(既然)目的状语从句sothat(以便)，inorderthat(为了，目的是)让步状语从句though(虽然)，although(虽然)，evenif＝eventhough(即使)比较状语从句than，as…as，notso/as…as…结果状语从句that，sothat，so…that，such…that(以至于……)(3)其他状语从句及其引导词·译林牛津版2.主句与从句时态一致的问题在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，主句和从句之间的时态一致问题一般分为下列两种情况：(1)主将从现：若主句是祈使句，或主句中有情态动词时，那么从句用一般现在时表示将来。如：Becarefulwhenyoucrosstheroad.Thetrafficmuststopwhenthelights____________.are/turnred·译林牛津版(2)主将从现：主句用一般将来时，而从句用一般现在时。如：IwillvisitmygoodfriendwhenI______time.Ifshe______heretomorrow，Iwillgototheparkwithher.(3)宾语从句和状语从句同时出现Idon'tknowif(是否)hewillcome.If(如果)hecomes，Iwilltellhimabouttheaccident.Idon'tknowwhen(什么时候)hewillcometomorrow.When(当……的时候)hecomes，Iwilltellhimaboutthenews.havecomes·译林牛津版(4)过去时态：若主从句都是在叙述过去的事情，则主从句可以用一般过去时，或过去进行时。MotherwascookingwhenIgothomeyesterday.3．引导词与连词的使用because与so不能同时用在一个主、从复合句中；although/though与but不能同时用在一个主从复合句中。Though/Althoughitwaslate，theykeptworking.·译林牛津版考点三：定语从句引导定语从句的关系代词有who(whose，whom)，which，that;关系副词有when，where，why。作主语作宾语作定语指人who/thatwho/whom/thatwhose指物which/thatwhich/thatwhose1．关系代词的基本用法Successwillbelongtothose______neversayimpossibleA.whenB.whatC.whoD.which---Therearesomanygirlsoverthere.Whichoneisyoursister?---Theone______hatisyellow.A.whoB.whoseC.thatD.whichPleasepassmethecartoonbook_____hasaMickeyMouseonthecover.A.whomB.whoseC.whoD.whichCBD·译林牛津版2.关系代词的特殊用法that和which都可以修饰表示物的先行词，有的只能用that，有的只能用which。(1)下列情况只能用that①先行词为不定代词all，few，little，much，everything，nothing等。如：All(that)youhavetodoistopractiseeveryday.Thereisn'tmuch(that)Icando.②先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级所修饰时。如Thefirstlesson(that)Ilearnedwillneverbeforgotten.Thisisthebestfilm(that)Ihaveeverseen.·译林牛津版③先行词被all，any，every，few，little，no，some等不定代词修饰时。如：Ihavereadallthebooks(that)yougaveme.④先行词被theonly，thevery，thelast，thesame等修饰时。如：ThewhitefloweristheonlyonethatIreallylike.Thisistheverybook______Iwanttoread.ThisisthesameskirtthatIwanttobuy.(同一条裙子)that·译林牛津版⑤当主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时，定语从句用that引导。如：Whoisthemanthatisstandingthere?Whichofusthatknowssomethingaboutphysicsdoesn'tknowthis?⑥先行词既有人又有物时。Wetalkedaboutthepersonsandthings______wecouldremember.that·译林牛津版(2)下列情况只能用which①关系代词作介词的宾语时，用“介词＋which”的结构。Thisisthebookfor__________youask.这是你要的书。②引导非限制性定语从句时，只能用which。Thisnovel，whichIhavereadthreetimes，isverytouching.这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍。which·译林牛津版3．关系副词的用法(1)when引导的定语从句，修饰表示时间的先行词。Istillremembertheday______IfirstcametoBeijing.我仍然记得来北京的第一天。(2)where在句中作状语，表示地点。Thisisthefactory______Iworkedtwoyearsago.这就是我两年前工作的那个工厂。(3)why在句中作状语，表示原因。Iknowthereason______hecamelate.我知道他来晚的原因。whenwherewhyThisistheprimaryschool_________Istudiedthreeyearsago.A.whereB.whenC.thatD.whichA