主语从句、表语从句 Grammar

Module2HighlightsofMySeniorYear名词性从句在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句。名词性从句在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等,因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能,名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。Whowillwinthematchisstillunknown.Iwanttoknowwhathehastoldyou.主语从句宾语从句Thefactisthatwehavelostthegame.Thenewsthatwewonthegameisexciting.表语从句同位语从句2.引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类:连接词：that,whether,if连接代词:what,whatever,who,whoever,whom,whose,which.连接副词：when,where,how,why3.不可省略的连词：1)介词后的连词2)引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略。Thatshewaschosenmadeusveryhappy.Weheardthenewsthatourteamhadwon.4.whether与if均为“是否”的意思但在下列情况下,whether不能被if取代1)whether引导主语从句并在句首Whetheritisgoingtorainisstillunknown.2)引导表语从句Thequestioniswhetherheisgoingtocome.3)whether从句作介词宾语4)从句后有“ornot”表语从句的用法•在主从复合句中，位于连系动词之后且充当表语的从句叫做表语从句。•可以接表语从句的连系动词有be,look,remain,seem等。That’swhatweshoulddo.That’swhyIwanttoseeyou.ThereasonformyabsencewasthatIwasill.1.be,seem,look等动词后均可跟表语从句：Itseemsthatitisgoingtorain.2.asif,because也可引导表语从句。Itlooksasifit’sgoingtorain.ItwasbecauseIgotuplate.注意:在表语从句中,当reason做主语时,引导词只能用that,不能用because,如:Thereasonwhyhewaslatewasthathedidn’tcatchtheearlybus.请看以下例句：1)Thequestioniswhetherwecanmakegoodpreparationinsuchashorttime.•2)Thisiswhywecan’tgetthesupportofthelocalpeople.•3)Butthefactremainsthatwearebehindtheotherclasses.1.Whatthedoctorsreallydoubtis____mymotherwillrecoverfromtheseriousdiseasesoon.A.whenB.howC.whetherD.whyC—IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek．—Isthat____youhadafewdaysoff？A.whyB.whenC.whatD.WhereA3.Goandgetyourcoat.It’s____youleftit．A．thereB．whereC．therewhereD．wherethereB4.Ihadneitheraraincoatnoranumbrella.____Igotwetallthrough．A．It'sthereasonB．That'swhyC．There'swhyD．It'showBSubjectClauses(主语从句)主语从句在句中作主语,主语从句可以位于句首,但常见的主语从句多放在句末,句首则用形式主语it。1.Thattheearthisroundistrue.=Itistruethattheearthisround.2.Whetherhewillcomehasn’tbeendecided.=Ithasn’tbeendecidedwhetherhewillcome.注意:连词that,whether在从句中不担任句子成分,只起连接作用,不能省略(注:if不可用来引导主语从句）请看以下例句：•Whyherefusedtoworkwithyouisstillamystery.•Whoevercomesiswelcome.•Thathebecamealawyermayhavebeenduetohismother’sinfluence.•ItisnottruethathehasmovedtoNewYork.it作形式主语的结构•Itis＋名词＋从句Itisafactthat…Itisanhonorthat…Itiscommonknowledgethat…Itis＋形容词＋从句Itisnaturalthat…Itisstrangethat…It＋不及物动词＋从句Itseemsthat…Ithappenedthat…It+be＋过去分词＋从句Itisreportedthat…Ithasbeenprovedthat…it作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词that。被强调部分指人时也可who/whom。例如：it作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较•Itisapitythatyoudidn’tgotoseethefilm.•Itisinthemorningthatthemurdertookplace.what与that在引导主语从句时的区别what既有引导主语从句的作用,同时又在从句中作句子成分(主语、宾语、表语等)，这时what相当于allthat/everythingthat...，常译成“所……的(东西、事情、话等.)”；而that只起连接作用，本身无实际意义，在从句中也不担当任何句子成分，但that引导的主语从句放在句首时，不能省略that。*Whatwecan’tgetseemsbetterthanwhatwehave.*Thatweshouldworkoutaplantodealwiththeserioussituationisimportant.引导词if和whetherif和whether引导动词后的宾语从句时一般可通用，但介词后的宾语从句、主语从句(放在句首时)、表语从句常由whether引导。*Whethershewillgohomeornotisunknown.*Itremainstobedecidedwhether/ifweshallraiseducksorgeese.1.____fashiondiffersfromcountrytocountrymayreflectaculturaldifferencefromoneaspect．A.WhatB．ThatC．ThisD．WhichB2.____shecouldn’tunderstandwas____fewerandfewerstudentsshowedinterestsinherlessons．A．What；whyB．That；whatC．What；becauseD．Why；thatA3.____hashelpedtosavethedrowninggirlisworthpraising．A．WhoB．TheoneC．AnyoneD．WhoeverD4．____wecan’tgetseemsbetterthan____wehave．A．What；whatB．What；thatC．That；thatD．That；whatA5．____we’llgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather．A．IfB．WhetherC．ThatD．WhereB6．____hesaidatthemeetingastonishedeverybodypresent．A．WhatB．ThatC．ThefactD．ThematterA7．____youdon’tlikehimisnoneofmybusiness．A．WhatB．WhoC．ThatD．WhetherC8．Itworriedherabit____herhairwasturninggrey．A．whileB．thatC．IfD．forB1.Canyoumakesure__thegoldring?A.whereAlicehadputB.wherehadAliceoutC.whereAlicehasputD.wherehasAliceput2.___weneedmoneyisquiteclear.A.IfB.WhatC.ThatD.\练习：3.___thecarcanbeusedhasnotbeenknownyet.A.IfB.WhatC.ThatD.Whether4.___wecan’tunderstandis___hedidn’tjoinusinourdiscussion.A.That;whyB.Which;howC.What;whatD.What;why5.Theyexpressedthehope___theywouldcomeovertoChinaagain.A.whichB.whomC.whatD.that6.Wordcame___hispoemwonthefirstprize.A.thatB.whetherC.asD.because7.Theyoungmanasked___it’ssummerorwinter.A.eitherB.thatC.weatherD.whether8.Wedon’tknow____theydidit.A.howB.whoC.whatD.which9.Theteacherasksus__Jimcancomebackontime.A.thatB.ifC.whenD.whattime10.Doesanybodyknow__wewillhaveasportsmeetingthisweekendornot.A.ifB.whereC.whetherD.that11.Couldyoutellmewherewe__nextweek.A.wouldgoB.togoC.hadtogoD.willgo12.Couldyoutellmehowmuch__toflytoHainan?A.doitcostB.doesitcostC.itcostD.itcosts13.Thesmallchildrendon’tknow__.A.whatistheirstockingsinB.whatisintheirstockingsC.whereistheirstockingsinD.whatintheirstockings14.Someoneisringingthedoorbell.Goandsee___.A.whoisheB.whoheisC.whoisitD.whoitis15.Couldyoutellmehowlong___?A.youhaveboughtthewatchB.youhavekeptthissciencebookC.haveyoubeenawayfromChinaD.haveyoubeenamemberofGreenerChina16.Hesaysthatifit____tomorrow,he____fishing.A.willrain,won’tgoB.rained,wasn’tgoC.rains,won’tgoD.rain,willgo17.Didyouunderstand___?A.whatshesaidB.whattosayC.whatdidshesaidD.howshehadsaid18.Thegirlis