英语介绍中国

ChinesesocietyandCulturebyChenYiCoverage1.WisdomandBeliefs1.1ConfucianThoughtonHeavenandHumanity1.2Laozi’sPhilosophyofNon-action1.3Sunzi’sArtofWar:SourceforAllBooksonWar1.4TheTempleofHeaven:Reverence(虔敬）withAweandGratitude1.5Eco-awarenessinTraditionalChineseculture2.CreativityandExchange2.1ChineseCharacters:PoeticSymbols（诗意符号）2.2TheSilkRoad2.3OpennessoftheGreatTang2.4ZhengHe’sVoyagestotheWesternSeas2.5TheGreatWall2.6TheForbiddenCity:GloriousandAwe-inspiring（令人起敬畏心的）3.ArtandAesthetics（美学）3.1Music:Govern（管理）theCountry,Nourish（滋养）theMind3.2SpiritualEssence（实质）inBronzeware（青铜制品）3.3ASilentArmy3.4TheEternal（永久的）SmileoftheBuddha（佛像）3.5FlyingStrokes（笔）ofCalligraphy（书法）3.6TheCharm（魅力）ofInkandWash（水墨画）3.7Porcelain（瓷器）-CallingCardofChineseCulture3.8GardensSouthoftheYangtzeRiver3.9PekingOpera（京剧）:ArtistryofPerformers3.10AVarietyofSplendidFolkArts（民间艺术）4.FolkCustoms（民间风俗）4.1UrbanCustomsinARiversideSceneatQingmingFestival（清明上河图）4.2CustomsandCharmsofOldBeijing4.3ModernGlamour（魅力）ofOldShanghai4.4TraditionalCostumes（服饰）4.5Culinary（烹饪）DelightsinChina4.6LifeWithFragrant（香）Tea4.7CivilResidencesinDeepAlleys（胡同）4.8MartialArts（武术）andCuju（蹴鞠）1.WisdomandBeliefsQ:HumanbeingshaveonlyonehomeunderHeavens.Howshouldwearrangeourdomesticlivesandlivetogetherinharmony?1.Chinesecultureregardshumanlifeaspartofnature,andtheonlywayforustosurviveistoliveinharmony（和谐）withnature.Note1:2.Chinesecultureemphasisesonharmonioushumanrelationships.Note:23.Chinesestressesself-reflection.Note3:枫树满足1.1ConfucianThoughtonHeavenandHumanityQ:WhatdoyouknowaboutConfucius(Kongzi)?1.Hislifenote4:122.Hisinfluencenote5:论语注解1.1.1OnHeavenQ:Whatis“Heaven”accordingtoyou?Q:Whatis“Heaven”accordingtoConfucius?“Heavendoesnotspeakinwords.Itspeaksthroughtherotationoffourseasonsandthegrowthofalllivingthings”.Note6:Q:What’stherelationshipbetweenHeaven\natureandhumans?①natureandhumansNote7②“WayofHeaven”Note8③“VirtueofHeaven”Note9④“HeavenlyMission”Note10Q:HowshouldhumanstreatHeaven?Note11Q:What’soursacredmissioninthe21stcentury?Note121.1.2OnPeopleQ:Howshouldpeopletreateachotheraccordingtoconfucius?Note13Q:WhatisrenaccordingtoConfucius?Note14:123Q:Howshouldpeopleloveeachother?Note15:12Q:What’sli?Note16Q:Confuciusregardedburialritualsandancestralworshipritualsimportant,mayyouexplainwhy?Note17:121.2Laozi’sPhilosophyofNon-actionQ:WhatdoyouknowaboutLaozi?Note18:12Q:WhatdoyouknowaboutLaoziorDaodejing?Note19:12条、长片Q:WhatisLaozi“Naturalness”?Note20:12Q:Whatishis“Non-action”?Note21:12Q:Whatisyourunderstandingof“Greatingenuity(智）appearstobestupidity”?Note22:12Q:Whatdoyouknowabouthis“Non-contention”?Note23:12Q:Canyouexplainthemeaningofhis“ReturningtoaNewbornState”?Note24:12Q:What’syourideaabouttheprogressofmoderncivilization？Note25:1231.3Sunzi’sArtofWar:SourceforAllBooksonWarQ:WhatdoyouknowaboutSunzi?Note26Q:WhatdoyouknowaboutSunzibingfa?Note27:12Case①“planningbeforegoingtowar”.Pleasespecifyit?Note28:123Case②“Onecanfightandwinahundredwarsifoneknowsbothoneselfandtheenemy.”Pleasespecifyit?Note29:1234Case③“Winningawarwithoutfightingit.”Pleasespecifyit?Note30:12345Readthefollowingquotationsandanalyzethepracticalsignificance?Note31“Theuseofforceisamatteroflifeordeathforthesoldiers,thepeopleandthecountry.”“awiserulermusthandlemattersofwarwithextremecare,andgoodcommandersandgeneralsmusthandlethemwiththegreatestcautionaswell.Thisisthecardinalprincipleforsafeguardingthecountryandthearmy.”Note1:thefundamentalsignificance(重要作用)ofcivilizationliesinthecreationofapeacefulworld,whichalsorequiresavoidingconflict(冲突）betweenhumansandnature.Insteadofdictatingto(把自己强加于)nature,peopleshouldholdnatureinawe(敬畏)andgratitude(感激).Note2:anindividualcannotlivewithoutcommunityandsociety.Thuschineseculturestrivestobuildaworldofharmonybasedonfriendshipbetweenindividuals,mutualassistancebetweenfamilies,andrespectbetweennations.Note3:peopleshouldnotonlyunderstandtheexternalworld（外在世界）,butalsoandmoreimportantly,improvetheirinternalstateofmind（内心）.Onlyafterhumanshaveclearedawayanyintentionsofcombatingnature（同自然斗争）,areweabletoliveupto（符合）thephilosophyoflivinginharmonywithnature.Note4:Confucius(551-479),knowninChinaasKongzi,givennameQiuandalias（别名）Zhongni,wasanativeofZouyi(present-dayQufuinShandongProvince)oftheStateofLuduringtheSpringandAutumnPeriod(770-476BC).Agreatthinker,educatorandfounderofConfucianism（孔教,儒教）,Confuciusisanancientsage（圣人,智者,哲人）totheChinesepeople.Hiswordsandlifestorywererecordedbyhisdisciples(弟子)andtheirstudentsinTheAnalects(Lunyu)Note5:anenduringclassicofChineseculture,TheAnalectshasinfluencedallthinkers,writersandpoliticiansintheover-2000-year-longhistoryofChinaafterConfucius.Noscholarcouldtrulyunderstandthislong-standingcultureortheinnerworldoftheancientChinesewithoutthisbook.Note6:intheShang(1600-1046BC)andZhou(1046-256BC)dynasties,theprevalent(普遍流行的)conceptof“Heaven”wasthatofapersonifiedgod.Generally,Confuciusregarded“Heaven”asnature.HeavenequalednatureintheeyesofConfucius.Note7:Naturewasnotseparatefromhumans;instead,itwasthegreatworldoflifeandtheprocessofcreationoflife.Humanlifewaspartan