英汉翻译 Unit3 The Methods of Translation

1TheMethodsofTranslation•1.transliteration.•A.definition•B.threesteps•C.whentobeused•2.Literalandliberaltranslation•3.translationese2•I.Transliteration•1.Translatethesoundinsteadofthemeaning;usedintranslatingpropernames&technicalterms3•2.J.C.Catfordsuggests3steps•a.SLlettersarereplacedbySLphonologicalunits,convertingfromwrittentothespoken;•b.TheSLphonologicalunitsaretranslatedintotheTLphonologicalunits;•c.TheTLphonologicalunitsareconvertedintothegraphological(handwriting)units.4•e.g.Titanic•泰坦尼克,铁达尼•radar•雷达•sonar•声纳,声波定位•Palmer•帕尔默、帕默尔、帕尔默尔、帕默5•3.whentousetransliteration:•1)几乎所有的人名•Lincoln，Churchill，Shakespeare,雷锋，王小三，胡锦涛•2)地名•Australia,NorthAtlantic,安徽，西安，黄山，九华山•3)科技商标及文化新词•Yuppie，Hippies，sauna，saloon,shocktherapy,Sofa，穗宝，TCL,康佳6•4.人的本名音译，外号意译•IronLady,TheDevil,Cinderella,Snowwhite•花和尚鲁智深•LutheTattooed•青面兽杨志•theBlue-FacedBeastYangZhi(ortheBlue-FacedBeast)7红楼梦第一回的部分姓名英译:周召孔孟程DukeChouDukeShaoConfuciusMenciusChengbrotherstheDukeofZhoutheDukeofShaoConfuciusMenciustheChengbrothers8•5.地理名词•LouisianaStateUniversity,TheGulfofMexico,清华大学，珠海淇澳岛9•6.商标半音译加意译•Pepsicola,Goldlion,Colgate,Polaroid,Giant,•7.音译词后加类属•Sardine,pizza,waltz,champagne,bowling,jacket•8.约定俗成•BernardShaw,Cambridge,Shelly,SunYat-san10•Notes:•a.These3stepsarenotalwayscarriedoutexactly,butwithsomechangesofsound----omitorchangeinorderforthetransliterationtobenatural,pleasant-sounding,etc.•b.AvoidusingrareChinesecharacters---•Suez，•苏伊士---苏彝士11•c.Whetherlongorshort,transliterationdependsontheoriginal;beconcise:•Malinowsky—•马林诺夫斯基（c.f.ofRussiannames）;12•d.Usethepubliclyacceptedtransliterationinsteadofintroducingnewones13•Halliday—•韩礼德；•BertrandRussell•伯特兰·罗素•OliverTwist•《雾都孤儿》14•e.CollocationofChineseavoidleadingambiguity•f.Don’tbetooChineseorEnglish,especiallyinpeople’snames,preservingtheforeignflavour15•h.Inadtranslation,aestheticaleffectmustbetakenintoconsideration;•e.g.CocaCola;Stone,Macdonald,•1)“蓝天”牌牙膏——“BlueSky”brandtoothpaste•(2)“白象”牌电池——“Whiteelephant”brandbattery•(3)“金龙”牌电扇——“GoldenDragon”brandelectricfan•(4)“芳芳”牌牙膏——“FangFang”brandtoothpaste•(5)“银耳”汤——“whitefungus”soup•(6)“金三角”经济开发区——aspecialeconomicdevelopmentzone:a“GoldenTriangle”16II.Literal&Liberal(free)Translation•Theproblemofmethodiscloselyassociatedwiththeconflictbetweencontentandformintranslation.171.LiteralTranslation•a.Examplestoexplainliteraltranslation•Hewasseizedwiththedespairingsenseofhelplessness.•他被束手无策的绝望感抓住了。•他忽然产生了束手无策的绝望感。18•Eg原文：这是一篇八股文。•译文I：Thisisabaguessay.[0.2]•译文II：Thisisaneight-leggedessay.[0.3]•译文III：Thisisastereotypedwriting.[0.5]•19b.DefinitionsofLiteralTranslation•Literaltranslationisthepreservationofboththeoriginalcontentandtheform----particularlythefigures,images,andnational,localcoloringintheoriginal.•Atthesametime,thisreproductiondoesnotviolatethelinguisticconditionsoftheTL,suchasthediction,collocationandsyntax.20c.ConditionsfortheuseofLiteralTranslation•Ifamoreorlessliteraltranslationisfunctionallyequivalentindesignativeandassociativemeaning,thenobviouslynoadjustmentsinformarenecessary.•Eg.1)ButIhatedSakamoto,andIhadafeelinghe’dsurelyleadusbothtoourancestors.•2)江湖骗子•swindler;charlatan•3)江湖医生•quack;mountebank;medicaster21•d.Butonecannevergotoextremeinemployingliteraltranslation.Word-for-wordtranslationfrequentlyspoilstheoriginal.•Eg.（1）Wesawanacrobatstandingonhishead.•（2）（凤姐：）“这通身的气派竟不像老祖宗的外孙女儿，竟是嫡亲的孙女儿似的。”（《红楼梦》）•译文I：“Andeverythingabouthersodistingue!Shedoesn'ttakeafteryoursideofthefamily,Grannie,she’smorelikeaJia.”(Tr.DavidHawkes)•译文II：“Herwholeairissodistinguished!Shedoesn’ttakeafterherfather,son-in-lawofourOldAncestress,butmorelikeaJia.”(Tr.YangXianyi&GladysYang)22•e.Advantagesofliteraltranslation•e.g.一石二鸟、掉鳄鱼泪、连锁反应、PutongHua,Jiaozi,Wonton…；•Buddhismtranslation:•意味着……、当……时候、……尽管（因为、如果）……23直译的五大误区：•①否定句型中的直译误区A.部分否定句型，•Idonotknowallofthem.误：对他们我都不认识。Alltheanswersarenotright.误：所有答案都不对。Everybodywouldn'tlikeit.误：每个人都不会喜欢它。24•B.单一否定中的部分句型•Wecannotestimatethevalueofmodernsciencetoomuch.误：我们不能过高地估计现代科学的价值。•ItwasnotuntilyearsafterwardsthatheheardofSemmelweis.误：没过几年他就听到了Semmelweis的消息。25•②.文化不同。•Eg.香港总督尤德爵士今晨于北京逝世。•译文I：SirEdwardYoude，GovernorofHongKong,passedawayinBeijingthismorning．[1]•译文II：SirEdwardYoude，GovernorofHongKong,diedinBeijingthismorning．[0.8]•译文III：SirEdwardYoude，GovernorofHongKong,breathedhislastinBeijingthismorning．[0.6]•译文IV：SirEdwardYoude，GovernorofHongKong,kickedthebucketinBeijingthismorning．[0.4]26•③修辞句型中的误区下列几种情况有时不宜直译：A.比喻：有的比喻可以直译，有的则不能，这往往取决于汉语的表达习惯例如：•Atthedoortotherestaurant,astunning,porcelain-facedwomanintraditionalcostumeaskedmetoremovemyshoes.•Afterthefailureofhislastnovel,hisreputationstandsonslipperygrounds.27•B.有些借喻不能直译•TheratherarrestingspectacleoflittleoldJapanadriftamidbeigeconcreteskyscrapersistheverysymboloftheincessantstrugglebetweenthekimonoandtheminiskirt.•误：古老的小日本漂游在灰棕色的钢筋混凝土摩天大楼之间的引入景象是和服与超短裙之间的不断斗争的象征。28•Eg骄阳下，柳树上，回答他的是蝉声：“知了”。(毛炳甫《剥香蕉皮》)•译文I：Underthescorchingsun,fromthewillowtree,cametheconfirmingreplyofthecicada’schirrup:“See,see….”[0.9]•译文II：…camethecicada’schirruping,“zing-a-zing-a….”[0.5]•译文III：…camethecicada’sreply,“IS