高中英语_主谓一致的用法 自己整理

高中英语中主谓一致的用法主谓一致的定义主谓一致是指谓语在人称和数上必须和主语的人称和数保持一致。这是英语语法中必须遵循的基本规则，也是英语和汉语区别很大的地方。主谓一致的三大原则一、语法一致原则二、意义一致原则三、就近原则一、语法一致原则主语为单数或不可数形式，则谓语动词也用单数形式；主语为复数形式，则谓语动词也用复数形式。Ioftenhelphimandheoftenhelpsme.Weoftenhelpeachother.二、意义一致主语形式虽为单数，但意义为复数，则谓语动词用复数；主语形式为复数，而意义为单数，则谓语动词用单数。Thecrowdweresurroundingthegovernmentofficial.Mathsishardtolearn.三、就近原则就近原则即谓语动词的单复数形式取决于最靠近它的主语。例如：Thereisapenandtwopencilsonthedesk.主谓一致三原则：语法一致：单单复复意义一致：形单意复复:peoplepolice形复意单单:newsmaths就近一致：notonly…butalso等1.由and连接两个名词时，谓语动词一般用复数形式。(both…and…)ThemotherandfatherspeakalittleEnglish.2.代词做主语(1)every,each,either,no+单数名词做主语时，谓语动词要用第三人称单数。Everygirlwantstolookbeautiful.Nooneknowsalltheirnames.语法一致(2)all表复数时，谓语动词要用复数形式；all表单数时，谓语动词要用动词的第三人称单数形式。Allplanetsdonothaveasatellite.Allisnotgoldthatglitters.(3)Noneof做主语时，如果其后的名词是不可数名词，谓语动词用单数；如果是可数名词，谓语动词单、复数均可。Noneofthewaterwasleft.(水一点也没剩。)Noneofthestudentshas/haveeverbeentotheisland.(学生中谁也没去过那个岛。)语法一致1.主语+with(togetherwith,alongwith,),aswellas,including,ratherthan,besides,except,but,inadditionto,otherthan,like,notect.结构中，谓语与主语一致2.不定式，动名词或从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数1Servingthepeopleismygreathappiness.2Whenwedeliverthegoodshasn‘tbeendecided.3Whenandwherewewillgohasn’tbeendecided.*但当what引导的句子做主语，若后面是“be+名词”的结构时，谓语随名词变化。Eg:1.)Whatyoudidwasright.2.)Whatyouneedarethesedictionaries.3.定语从句中,“oneof+复数名词+定语从句”从句的谓语动词复数。若在oneof前有the,theonly,thevery修饰时，从句的谓语动词则用单数。Eg:1.)Sheisoneofthesewomenwho_____theviolinwell.2.)Sheistheoneofthesewomenwho______theviolinwell.playplays4.定语从句中主语是关系代词who,that,which时，从句谓语动词与先行词保持一致。Eg:I,who____yourteacher,willteachyoueverythingIknow.am5.在强调句中，如被强调的是句子的主语时，则that/who后面的谓语动词应与被强调的主语一致eg:1.)ItisMikewhoalways_____metostudymathsafterclass.2.)ItwasIratherthantheythat_____punishedbytheboss.helpswas6.halfof…./therestof…../partof…/plentyof…/分数（%）+of…..等作主语，谓语动词随of后的名词而变化。㈢意义一致1.由and连接的并列主语如果指的是同一人、同一物或同一概念，谓语动词用单数，这时and后面的名词前没有冠词。Eg.1.)Thewriterandteacherisheruncle.2.)Apoetandartistiscomingtodeliveraspeech.3.)Myclassmateandfriend____goingtopayavisittome.4.)Aforkandknifeisonthetable.5.)Warandpeaceisoftenpeople’stopic.isaknifeandfork一副刀叉;breadandbutter加黄油的面包;coffeeandmilk加牛奶的咖啡;whiskyandsoda汽水saltandwater盐水aneedleandthread针线;ahorseandcart四轮马车;awatchandchain表链;acoatandtie;配有领带的上衣warandpeace战争与和平;truthandhonesty;真诚medicalhelpandcure；药物治疗aimandend目的2.and连接的两个或多个主语前如有each,every,no,manya(许多）等修饰时，谓语用单数。Eg.1.)Everytreeand(every)floweristobecutdown.2.)Nosoundandnovoiceisheard.3.)Manyaboyandgirlhasmadethesamemistake.4.)Inourcountryeachboyand(each)girlhasrighttoreceiveeducation.3.表示时间，金钱，距离，重量等复数名词表示单位数量作主语时，被看作整体时谓语用单数。eg:Sixtyyearsisalongtime.Tendollarsisenoughforhim.Threethousandmilesisalongdistance.Fiftykilogramsisnottoolongtobecarried.*如强调具体数目，则用复数。Onehundredcentsmakeadollar.Morethanfiftyyearshavepassedsincetheygotmarried.4.“manya+单数名词/morethanone+单数名词/oneandahalf+单数名词”作主语，谓语动词用单数eg:1.)manyaforeignerhasbeentotheGreatWall.2.)Morethanonestudenthasturnedupatthemeeting.3.)Oneandahalfbananawaseatenbytheboy.5.由some,any,every,no构成的不定代词,谓语动词用单数6.eachof…/eitherof…./oneof…谓语动词用单数.noneof…/neitherof…可单可复，根据说话人的意思决定；*但代表不可数名词时，用单数eg:1.)Noneofusare/isperfect.2.)Neitherofthemknow/knowstheanswer.3.)Noneofthisworriesme./Noneofthismoneyismine.*neither作形容词时与单数名词连用，谓语动词用单数。Neitherstatementwastrue.7.主语是书名，剧名，报纸名，国名等复数形式的名词，仍为个体，谓语用单数TheUnitedStatesisadevelopedcountry.8.带引号的词语作主语，谓语单数“I”istheninthletteroftheEnglishalphabet.意义一致1.集合名词family,class,team,group,crowd,audience,company,army,enemy,government,population…作主语，若强调整体，谓语动词用单数若强调个体，谓语动词则用复数eg:书p52.集合名词cattle,clothes,people,thepolice表示复数意义谓语动词永远复数.people民族（可数名词，peoples)3.主语是单复数同形的名词deer,sheep,fish鱼,series系列,species物种,means手段,works工厂,aircraft飞行器,ect.时，视其表达的意义而判断谓语动词的单复数。Eg:1.)Anewmeanshasbeenused.2.)Manymeanshavenotcomeintoeffect.4.以-s结尾的一些词theOlympicGames,manners,remains,earnings,belongings,goods,surroundings,winnings,leavings,ect.表示复数意义，谓语动词用复数5.physics,politics,mathematics等一些以“-ics”结尾的词，指学科时属单数，谓语动词用单数。eg.1.)Physicsisnotdifficulttolearn.2.)Mathematicsisasubjectstudiedinnearlyeveryschool.注：若指某学科能力，成绩，应用等或非学科含义时被看作复数，谓语常用复数。Mymathematicsareweek.Whatareyourpolitics政治信仰/见解?6.成双成对出现的复数名词如glasses,shoes,trousers,pants,gloves,socks,slippers,scissors等作主语时，谓语通常用复数，*但如果前有a/thepairof,a/thesuitof等词语修饰时，谓语动词与pair,suit等一致，用单数。Eg.1)Mytrousersareverynice.2)Apairofshoesisunderthebed.7.主语是疑问代词who,what,which,不定代词all,more,most,any,none等以及名词half,part,therest等既可表示复数意义又可表示单数意义，其谓语视它们所代指的名词而定。Eg:1.)Whichismorevaluable,healthorwealth?2.)Whichareprettier,theseorthose?3.)wehadsomepaper,buttherestwasputback.*the+adj.表示一类抽象概念时，谓语也单数Thenewissuretoreplacetheold.Thecomplicateisdifficulttounderstand.8.“the+形容词”做主语时，表示一类人或物时，谓语动词为复数；表示具体一个个体时，谓语动词为单数。Eg.1)Theyoungarebetteratlearningnewthings.2)Theyoungismyuncle.㈠就近一致㈠就近一致１．两个或两个以上做主语的单数名词用and连接，谓语用复数．TomandDick_______(be)goodfriends.但若表示一个集合体时则用单数。Asingeranddancer______(be)presentattheparty.Theworkerandwriter___(be)talkingtothestudents.Breadandbutter________(taste)good.(aneedleandthread,ahorseandcart,awatchandchain,acoatandtie,truthandhonesty,medicalhelpandcure)a