考研中国古代文学史笔记(袁行霈)

非谓语动词非谓语动词非谓语动词：也就是不能用作谓语的动词。动词不定式V_ing过去分词动词原形包括一.动词不定式肯定式：to+动词原形1、构成否定式：notto+动词原形2、动词不定式的常见用法A、不定式作主语当不定式作主语时，习惯上用作it形式主语，而将动词不定式后置，构成固定句型。It’s+adj+todosth.（1）TolearnEnglishwellisnoteasy.（2）Toprotectourenvironmentisveryimportant（1）It’snoteasytolearnEnglishwell.（2）It’simportanttoprotectourenvironment.B、不定式作宾语常见的只能跟to不定式的动词及短语。想要wantwish希望hope希望决定decide学会learn想要wouldlike迫不及待can’twait准备getready（1）Ihopetobeadoctor.（2）Shecan’taffordtobuyacamera.计划plan负担不起can’taffordWangTaohopestobeascientistinthefutureandwishestovisitthemoonbyhimself.Hewouldliketocollectpicturesaboutthemoonverymuch,sohelearnstosearchtheInternetandwantstogetmoreInformation.Thenheplanstobuyacomputer,buthecan’taffordtobuyone.Nowhecan’twaittolookforajobanddecidestoworkhardatit.Atthesametimehegetreadytomakehisdreamcometrue.C、不定式作宾语补足语常见动词：请、叫ask告诉tell想要want邀请invite允许allow喜欢like警告warn鼓励encourage教teach想要wouldlike（1）Mymotheralwayslikesmetogetupearly.（2）LucyoftenteachesmetolearnEnglish.Onedaymymotherallowedmetogotothepark,butshewarnedmenottocomebacklate.MyfatherlikedmetogowithLucy,becausehewantedmetolearnEnglishfromLucy.Iinvitedhertogowithme.LucytaughtmetostudyEnglishandencouragedmetospeakmoreEnglish.SometimessheaskedmetoteachherChinese.Iwouldlikehertostaywithmeverymuch,soItoldhertowaitformeoutsidetheschoolgateeverySaturday.D、不定式作定语熟记下列短语somethingtoeatsomethingtodrinkanythingelsetosaymuchworktodosomethingnicetoeat1.Ihavealotofhomeworktodo.2.Doyouhaveanythingtosay?lotsofhouseworktodo3.Myfatherhassomethingimportanttotellme.4.Wouldyoulikesomethingtodrink?E、不定式与疑问词连用，构成不定式短语，作宾语1.Idon’tknowwheretogo.2.Hedidn’tknowwhattodo.3.Canyoutellmehowtogetthere?4.Ican’tdecidewhichtochoose.“疑问词+不定式”结构可以转换为从句形式（1）Idon’tknowwhereIwillgo.（2）Hedidn’tknowwhathewoulddo.（3）CanyoutellmehowIcangetthere.（4）Ican’tdecidewhichIwillchoose.F、常见固定搭配1.too…todo(1)Thedeskistooheavytocarry.(2)Theboyistooyoungtogotoschool.2.be+adj+enoughtodo(1)Thegirlisoldenoughtogotoschool.(2)Theiceisthickenoughtoskateon.(3)Theroomisbigenoughfor10peopletolivein.3.It’stimetodosth或It’stimeforsbtodosth.(1)It’stimetohavearest.(2)It’stimeforustoplayfootball.4.Ittakessbsometimetodosth.Ittakesmethreedaystofinishthejob.5.be+adj（glad.sorry.sure.happy.afraid等表情感的形容词后）+todosth.(1)I’msorrytotroubleyou.(2)I’mafraidtofacemymother.二、v-ing1、常见跟ing的动词2、词组搭配中的ing形式3、词组搭配中受介词影响需用v-ing喜欢enjoy完成finish介意mind保持keep练习practise（1）beworthdoing（2）bebusydoing（3）feellikedoing（4）keepsbdoing1）keepondoing10)spend…（in）doing2）begoodatdoing11)what(how)aboutdoing3）dowellindoing12)It’sanotherwayofdoing4）stop…fromdoing13)insteadofdoing5）thanks…fordoing14)beafraidofdoing6)withoutdoing15)getreadyfordoing7)help…withdoing16)preferdoing…todoing…8)beusedfordoing17)makeacontributiontodoing9)beinterestedindoing18)tryoutdoing4、词组搭配中ing的形式家常做法homecooking候诊室waitingroom起居室sittingroom切割机cuttingmachine起跑线startingline终点线finishingline购物单shoppinglist购物中心shoppingcentre购物篮shoppingbasket阅览室readingroom只有立足之地standingroomonly禁止吸烟Nosmoking禁止停车Noparking游泳课swimminglesson餐厅diningroom植树节TreePlantingDay毛笔writingbrushgoswimming（hiking,fishing,skating,shopping）潜水scubadivingdosome（cooking,reading,washing,cleaning,shopping）三、动词原形1、使役动词：let.make.have2.常见句型：（1）Whynot+动词原形（2）Whydon’tyou+动词原形（3）You’dbetter+动词原形（4）You’dbetternot+动词原形（5)Willyouplease+动词原形（6）Willyoupleasenot+动词原形1.Let’sbeginourclass.2.Don’tmakethebabycry.3.Healwayshavemedomuchhousework.四、过去分词1.havesthdone让别人做某事，表示动作由别人来完成（1）Iwillhavemyhaircut.（2）Ihadmybadtoothpulledout.2、常见短语：AboycalledJimamannamedJohngetlostgetdressedgivennameman-madesatelliteaworriedmotherabrokenglass五、感观动词2.感观动词+ing形式+动词原形表示动作正在进行表示动作的全过程1.常见感观动词:see,watch,hear,feel,found（1)Hesawapurselyingonthegroundonherwayhome.（2）Isawhimgointotheclassroomjustnow.六、下列动词既可接不定式又可接ing形式，但意义有区别。1.stoptodosth表示停止原来的事开始干另一件事doing表示停止正在做的事3.forgetremembertodosthdoingsth2.goontodosthdoingsth（1）Thebabyissleeping,pleasedon’tstopsinging.（2）Afteralongwalk,hestoppedtohavearest.（1）Hewentonworkingallday.（2）Afterhefinishedhishomework,hewentontoreviewhislessons.（1）Don’tforgettoturnoffthelightwhenyouleavetheoffice.（2）Irememberedmeetingtheteacherbefore,heworkedinthelab.1.Thankyouforussowell.A.toteachB.teachesC.taughtD.teaching2.IoftendosomeonSundays.A.washedB.towashC.washingD.washes3.TheboyJackinClassOneismybrother.A.callB.tobecalledC.callingD.called4.Itoftentakesmehalfanhourhome.A.WalkingB.towalkC.walkedD.walks5.Don’tforgethercleanwatereveryday.A.togiveB.givingC.givenD.give6.IthinkitisimportantEnglishwell.A.learningB.learnC.tolearnD.learned7.Thefunnystorymadeusallhard.A.laughB.tolaughC.laughingD.laughed8.Ourteachertoldushardatourlessons.A.toworkB.workC.workingD.worked9.Couldyoutellmethisnewspaper?A.toreadhowB.howtoreadCC.whattoreadD.whatread10.Idon’tknownext.AA.whattodoB.whattodoitCC.howtodoD.tohowdoit11.Myhairistoolong,soImusthaveitthisafternoon.A.cutB.cutsC.cuttingD.cutted12.Rememberlastforclassagain.AA.nottoB.benottoCC.nottobeD.nottocome13.MrSmithaskedthemanthequeue.AA.notjumpB.didn’tjumpCC.nottojumpD.tonotjump14.Whynotwithus?Yousee,it’svery.A.go;interestedB.go;interestingC