腐植酸复混肥的生产工艺与技术

刘世彬(,110003)[]褐煤;风化煤;腐植酸复混肥;生产技术;农用效果[]阐述腐植酸复混肥的性能、作用机理(脲酶抑制和硝化抑制机理及氨稳定机理)、生产技术要点、产品质量、农用效果(提高肥料利用率,改善农产品品质,提高作物产量)。[]TQ444.6[]A[]10076220(2004)06004504ProcessandtechnologyforproductionofcompoundfertilizerbasedonhumicacidLIUShibin(LiaoningFertilizer&PesticideIndustryAssociation,Shenyang,Liaoning110003,China)Keywords:ligniticcoal;weatheredcoal;compoundfertilizerbasedonhumicacid;technology;agriculturaleffectAbstract:Thecharacteristics,theworkingmechanismsonureaseandnitratinginhibitionaswellasammoniastability,technologicalkeys,fertilizerproductquality,andagriculturaleffectofcompoundfertilizerbasedonhumicacidarediscussedfortheincreaseinfertilizerefficiency,improvementofagriculturalproductandraiseofcropyield.,,1,,,,K+Na+Ca2+Mg2+Fe3+Al3+NH4+,,,1020,1NH4+Na+K+,2Ca2+Mg2+3Fe3+Al3+,,,,,,,,,,,,,30%50%(),,,,,,,5,:;;;;,[]20040526[](1933),,,,2004年11月第19卷第6期磷肥与复肥Phosphate&CompoundFertilizer　　　　　　　　　　　　Nov.2004Vol.19No.6221腐植酸的脲酶抑制和硝化抑制机理,(1),,,NH4+,;:H2NCONH2H2ONH2COOH+NH3H2O(NH4)2CO3CO2+2NH3+H2OH2CO3+2NH3,,100,;,,,(2)NH4+,,NO2,,NO3:2NH4++3O22NO2+2H2O+4H+(1)2NO2+O22NO3(2)NO3,,NO3,,NO3,N2ON2,,:NO3NO2NON2ON2,,,2%20%,35,69.3%6242%50%22腐植酸的氨稳定机理NH3NH3NH4+,,,,NH4+,:RCOOH+NH3H2ORCOONH4(3)RCOOH1(HA),331腐植酸与氮肥的反应(1)RCOOH+NH4+RCOONH4+H+(4),,,,(2)RCOOH+NH2CONH2RCOOHNH2CONH2(5),,,;100,,,,32腐植酸与磷肥的反应(1)(RCOO)2Me+H3PO42RCOOH+MeHPO4(6)MeCaMg,(MeHPO4)(2)6RCOOH+Ca3(PO4)23(RCOO)2Ca+2H3PO4(7)2RCOOH+Ca(H2PO4)2(RCOO)2Ca+2H3PO4(8)2RCOONH4+CaHPO4(RCOO)2Ca+(NH4)2HPO4(9)RCOOK+Ca3(PO4)2RCOOKCa3(PO4)2(10)(),,33腐植酸与钾肥的反应RCOOH+KClRCOOK+HCl(11)2RCOOH+K2SO42RCOOK+H2SO4(12),,34腐植酸与微肥的反应RCOOHOH+Zn2+RCOOOZn+2H+(13)441工艺流程(1)46磷肥与复肥2004年第19卷第6期1mm0.25mm,,,,,(300),70,()35,,,42工艺技术要点(1)(),,121w()/%w(HA)/%w()/%w(HA)/%21.0043.5820.3045.2538.8940.6014.2558.2042.7041.0015.9153.2638.0653.94-46.1737.2752.5626.0767.8937.0546.9133.7447.422%(COOH)(OH)HA8.212.026.19HA7.582.385.20HA9.105.183.92HA9.385.214.17HA10.084.585.50HA6.662.294.52HA7.263.683.58HA7.456.201.25,,20%30%,60%70%11,,,;,,,2,HAHAHA,;,3HA,,,HAHA,(),,(40%),(20%),(0.25mm),,,,,(2)¹1mm,0.25mmº,,»:;,(CaCO3Ca(OH)2),,pH,m():m()=101,P2O5(3),,¹2.51,,,º8%,()»,80,(300)472004年第19卷第6期　　　　　　　　　刘世彬　　,(4),,,2,,:¹º2,1#,2#,»,(),,:(NH4)2SO4+Ca(H2PO4)2H2O+H2OCaSO42H2O+2NH4H2PO4(14)(NH4)2SO4+CaSO4+H2O(NH4)2SO4CaSO4H2O(15)¼,2,,5mm1mm,(5),,,,,,,,(22.5)143腐植酸复混肥产品质量(3)3w(N+P2O5+K2O)/%w(HA)/%w(H2O)/%pH(14.75mm)/%(2.002.80mm)/N202525305861054.56.58085,51提高化肥利用率,增加肥效,Fe3+Al3+Ca2+Mg2+,,,,,,,,,102052改善农产品的品质,提高优级品率;;;;;,Vc53提高作物产量,增加经济收入:,9.5%14.5%;,15.4%37.6%;,9.4%25.0%;,10.6%24.5%;,8.2%14.6%;,11.5%26.0%,39[][1].[M].,1988.[2],.[M].,2003.[3].[M].,1995.[4],.[J].,1994,(4):1014.[5].[J].,1998,(3):19.[6],.[J].,1999,(1):3638.[7].[J].,1993,8(1):7374.[8],.[J].,1996,11(3):6667.磷肥与复肥2004年第19卷第6期