高考英语专题复习《阅读理解专题――猜测词义》PPT课件

墙角数枝槑（梅），凌寒独自开，遥赞它是雪，只能说你呆。Ifyoucomeacrossnewwordswhenreading,Whatwillyoudo?•Ignorethemandcontinuereading•Lookthemupinthedictionary•Guessthemeaning猜测词义读懂文章---------高三英语阅读指导猜测词义：单词的猜测能力是阅读理解能力的主要组成部分，历年高考都把这一项作为考生应该掌握的一项阅读技能列入试题，考查对文中关键词语（实词、短语、指代关系等）的理解。而且，所考查的词或短语的意义往往不停留在字面上。但事实上，阅读材料中的每个词与它前后的词语或句子甚至段落有着互相制约的关系。我们可以利用语境（各种已知信息）推测、判断某些生词的词义。对考纲外生词的猜测ManyUnitedNationsemployeesarepolyglots:Mr.Jim,forexample,speaksfivelanguagesfluently.“polyglot”mostprobablymeans“_______________.”对考纲内熟词新义的猜测Ihadfirstknownshewaswrong,thatheranxietyhadcloudedherjudgment.(04全国卷)“cloud”means“_____________________.”通晓数种语言的人使模糊，混淆，搅浑•Thebiggestfindinginbrainresearchinthelasttenyearsisthatthebrainatanyageishighlyplastic.Ifyouaskyourbraintolearn,itwilllearn.(07四川卷)•Bysaying“thebrainatanyageishighlyplastic”,thewritermeansthebraincanbe_____.A.usedB.masteredC.developedD.researched对句义的猜测词义猜测题常用的提问方式有：1.Theword“…”refersto/probablymeans/couldbestbereplacedby___.2.Theword“…”ismostlikelytomean______.3.Whatdoyouthinktheexpression“…”standsfor?4.Theunderlinedword“…”means__.5.Theword“…”isclosestinmeaningto…语境法Contextclues构词法Wordformation猜测词意WordFormation构词法：英语单词大多是由词根、词头（前缀）和词尾（后缀）所组成。词根是单词最基本的部分，表达单词的基本含义。在词根前或后加上前缀或后缀，可以用来引申或转变原词的意义。只要我们掌握了各种词根、词头和词尾的基本含义，那么就可以很容易猜测出由其构成的新词的含义了。中学英语中常见的前缀和后缀有：super-(超)mini-(极小的,微小的)micro-（极微小的）re-（再，反复）mis-（误，恶）im-（不）un-（不，非）in-（不，非）non-（不，非）-able（能…的）-less（不，无）-wards(向)supermanmicrowave(超人)nonnaturalmispronounce(非自然的)homelessnonsmoker(无家可归的)rebuildeastwards(重建)Canyouguesstherightmeanings?(微波)(非烟民)(发错音)(向东)1.(10福建卷)In2005,afterthefalloftheTaliban（塔利班）,whichhadoutlawedTV,1in5Afghanshadone.2.Whenmenandwomenlivedbyhunting50,000yearsago,howcouldtheyevenbegintopicturemodernlife?3.Whenhereachedtheplacewithhisarmy,hefoundanimpassableriverinfrontofhim.Word-formation（合成词）（词性变化）（合成法，转化法，派生法）（词的派生）1.(10福建卷)In2005,afterthefalloftheTaliban（塔利班）,whichhadoutlawedTV,1in5Afghanshadone.A.allowedB.bannedC.offeredD.refused2.Whenmenandwomenlivedbyhunting50,000yearsago,howcouldtheyevenbegintopicturemodernlife?3.Whenhereachedtheplacewithhisarmy,hefoundanimpassableriverinfrontofhim.Word-formationtoimagineortodescribeadj.无法通行的,无法通过的passpassableimpassable→→1.定义描述3.因果关系2.同义反义4.举例归纳5.生活常识6.上下文推测语境猜测词义◎Hisuncleisazoologist,anexpertwhodoesresearchonanimals.◎Theherdsman,wholooksaftersheep,earnsabout650yuanayear.◎Semantics,thestudyofthemeaningofwords,isnecessaryifyouaretospeakandreadintelligently.动物学家牧羊人语义学1、定义描述定义或释义关系常由定语从句或becalled，beknownas,bedefinedas等词汇或破折号来表示；或由is,thatis(tosay),inotherwords，toputitanotherway引出一些具体的解释性的短语放在生词后做它的同位语，用逗号隔开，构成同位关系。小结2.同义词◎Motherwastall,fatandmiddle-aged.Myauntwasanoldwoman,almostasplumpasmother,andmuchshorter.◎Insomecountrieswherethereisverylittlerain,thefarmershavetoirrigate,orwater,theirfields.◎Alltheothermembersareofthesameopinion.Theyareunanimous.圆胖的灌溉一致同意的反义词◎ThoughTom’sfacehasbeenwashedquiteclean,hisneckstillremainsgrubby.◎Somehumanactionsarelearned,butquiteafewotheractionsareinnate.◎Inthepasttheworldseemedtoruninanorderlyway.Now,however,everythingseemstobeinastateofturmoil.污秽的天生的混乱由and或or，like,as…as,thesameas等连接的两个词构成同义关系；表转折关系的词常有如but,while,however,insteadof,ratherthan,unlike,yet,otherwise,though，incontrast,onthecontrary等。小结3、因果关系◎Onewhoisdestitutehasagreatneedforfoodandclothing.◎Theriverissoturbidthatitisimpossibletoseethebottomevenwhenitisshallow.◎Tomisconsideredanautocraticadministratorbecausehemakesdecisionswithoutseekingtheopinionsofothers.◎He’ssuchashrewdbusinessmanthathelosesnomoneyinanytrade.贫穷的混浊的独断专行的精明的常用关联词(如because，as，since，for，so，thus，asaresult，so,so…that,such…thattherefore等)表示前因后果。小结4、举例归纳法◎Carsmusthavecertainsafetydevicessuchasseatbelt,headlights,andgoodbrakes.◎Onthefarmtheymainlyraisepoultry,suchaschickens,ducksandgeese,fortheireggsandmeat.家禽装置民俗◎Althoughthehazardsofthetripweremany--forexample,theunbearableheat,thelackofwater,thepossibilityofgettinglost,thepresenceofwildanimalsandpoisonoussnakes----Collinsneverthelessdecidedthatshemustgo.A)pleasuresB)conveniencesC)dangersD)equipment常用suchas,like，forexample,forinstance等引出例子，可根据例子隶属的类别归纳出总称词即词义。小结◎Whenyouthrowastoneintostillwaterofalake,youwillwatcharipplespreadinringsonthesurfaceofwater.◎Inthestrongwind,thebeggarshiveredwiththeterriblecold.◎Oneofsymptomscausedbythepeculiarillnessisahighfever.波纹,涟漪颤抖症状5、生活经验,生活常识,逻辑推理小结根据自身的直接或间接的经验，或运用自己已有的常识将生词推测出来。因此平时多了解英美国家的风俗习惯，宗教信仰，社会生活等，可以帮助加深对文章的理解，遇到生词，猜测词义的能力自然就提高了。6.根据生词所在的上下文猜测词义例题：Tomcan’tfindhissneakers.C.shoesTomcan’tfindhiswhitesneakers．Tomcan’tplaytennisnowbecausehecan’tfindhiswhitesneakers.A.moneyB.bowlsWhatdoes“inthepubliceye”mean?A.公众熟悉的,出名的Tips:inpublic在公众场合thepublic大众eye眼睛GuessB.在群众的眼里C.公开的D.令人眼热的MrZhangoftenappearsinpublic.Butheisnotfamous—heisnotinthepubliceye.(2006年安徽卷)…精品解析—英语Lionsareopportunists.Theyprefertoeatwithouthavingtodotoomuchwork.…Ifanotheranimalhasmadeakill,theywilldriveitoffandtakethekillforthemselves.Bydescribinglionsas“opportunist”intheparagraph,theauthormeanstosaythatlions____.A.arecruelanimalsB.arecleveranimalsC.liketotakeadvantageofotheranimalsD.liketota