非谓语动词-过去分词的用法

TheUseOfV-ed动词-ed形式作定语动词-ed形式作表语动词-ed形式作补语动词-ed形式作状语过去分词作定语,表示分词动作与所修饰的名词之间存在被动关系。单一的过去分词作定语一般放在被修饰的名词之前;过去分词短语作定语放在被修饰之后,过去分词及过去分词短语作定语均可以转换为一个定语从句。动词-ed形式作定语①及物动词的过去分词作定语除表示“完成”的动作之外,还表示“被动”的意义。如：spokenEnglish；icedbeer；cookedfood;friedchips;不及物动词的过去分词常表示“完成”的动作,而不表示“被动”意义。如:boiledwater;fallenleaves，therisensun等。1.Thetallmanisareturnedstudent．2.Myparentsarebothretiredteachers．Thegroundiscoveredby_________(fall)leaves.fallenPastParticipleusedasattributeSheisdrinking_________(boil)water.boiledSheisdrinkingthewaterwhichwasboiled.②动词-ed形式作定语时，在意思上相当于一个定语从句。1.Isthereanythingplannedfortonight?今晚有什么活动吗?(=thathasbeenplannedfortonight)2.Themeeting,attendedbyalotofpeople,wasasuccess．这次会议有很多人出席,开得很成功。(=whichwasattendedbyalotofpeople)破损的窗户很快就会被换掉。______________________willbereplacedsoon.=Thewindowwhichwasbrokenwillbereplacedsoon.昨天买的书确实不错。Thebooks_______________areofhighquality.=thebookswhichwereboughtyesterdayareofhighquality.ThebrokenwindowboughtyesterdayCompletethetablewithphrasesthathavethesamemeaning.terrifiedpeoplepeoplewhoareterrifiedreservedseatsseatswhicharereservedpollutedwaterwaterthatispollutedacrowdedroomaroomthatiscrowdedapleasedwinnerawinnerwhoispleased1)MostoftheartiststothepartywerefromSouthAfrica.A.invitedB.toinviteC.beinginvitedD.hadbeeninvited2)ThefirsttextbooksforteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguagecameoutinthe16thcentury.A.havingwrittenB.tobewrittenC.beingwrittenD.written3)TheOlympicgames,in776BC,didn'tincludewomenplayersuntil1912.A.firstplayingB.tobefirstplayedC.firstplayedD.tobefirstplaying4)Pricesofdailyfoodsthroughacomputercanbelowerthanpricesinstores.A.areboughtB.boughtC.beenboughtD.buying5)Mr.Smith,____ofthespeech,startedtoreada____novel.A.tired,boringB.tiring,boredC.tired,boredD.tiring,boring过去分词作表语,表示主语的状态,且该状态通常是由外界因素引起的。这时过去分词可以被看作一个形容词,是形容词化的过去分词。如:①I’minterestedinreadingnovelswrittenbyJinYong.②Whenweheardofit,weweredeeplymoved．③Heseemedquitedelightedattheidea．动词-ed形式作表语常见的作表语的过去分词有:amused(愉快的)；broken(碎了的)；closed(关闭的)；astonished(吃惊的)；crowded(拥挤的)；experienced(有经验的);delighted(高兴的)；lost(丢失的)；gone(遗失的)；disappointed(失望的)；worried(担忧的)；interested(感兴趣的)tired(疲劳的)pleased(高兴的)；satisfied(满意的)；surprised(吃惊的);married(已婚的)；known(著名的)等等作表语的-ed形式可被much,very,quite等所修饰。Iwasverypleasedatthenews．听了这消息我很高兴。Hegrewmuchtiredofthework．他十分厌倦这工作。Heseemedquitedelightedattheidea.听了这想法他似乎很高兴。PastParticipleusedaspredicativeTheshopis_________(close).closedCleaningwomeninbigcitiesusuallyget______(pay)bythehour.paidTherearetwoglasseswhichare_______(break).brokenTherearetwobrokenglasses.astonishedchildrenchildrenwholookastonishedabrokenvaseavasethatisbrokenacloseddooradoorthatisclosedatrappedanimalananimalthatistrappedthetiredaudiencetheaudiencewhofeeltiredCompletethetablewithphrasesthathavethesamemeaning.1)AswejoinedthebigcrowdIgot____frommyfriends.A.separatedB.sparedC.lostD.missed2)Thepilotaskedallthepassengersonboardtoremain____astheplanewasmakingalanding.A.seatB.seatingC.seatedD.tobeseating动词-ed形式作补语能用作宾语补足语的过去分词一般都是及物动词,表示“被动”或“完成”意义，作宾语补足语的过去分词与宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系。Shefoundthedoorbrokeninwhenshecameback．Mygrandfatherhadhisoldhouserebuilt．(1)动词-ed形式可作表示感觉和心理状态的动词的宾语补足语,这类动词包括see,hear,watch,notice,feel,find,think,suppose,consider等。Ihaveneverheardhimspokenillofbyothers.我从未听过有人说他的坏话。Shefeltagreatweighttakenoffhermind．她觉得心里轻松了些。Theyconsideredthemattersettled．他们认为这问题解决了。(2)动词-ed形式可作使役动词的宾语补足语,这类动词包括make,get,have,keep,leave,hold等。Ihavemyhaircutonceamonth．我每个月理一次发。Hewastryingtomakehimselfunderstood．他正努力使别人听懂自己。Sheheldherhandspressedagainstherface.她用双手按着脸。①(请人)把某事做完。Shehadherhouserepaired．她请人把屋子修好了。Wheredidyouhaveyourhaircut?你在哪儿理的发?“have+宾语+done”结构有三个含义：②遭遇某种意外情况。Hehadhishatblownawayonhiswayhome．在回家的路上他的帽子被吹掉了。Shehadherwalletstolenyesterday.昨天她的钱包被偷了。③完成某事(自己也可能参与)。Ihavehadallmyspellingmistakescorrected．我把所有的拼写错误都改正了。Hehashadonethousandyuansavedthisyear．他今年已存了1000元。(3)动词-ed形式可作表示希望、要求、命令等动词的宾语补足语，这类动词包括like，want,wish,expect,order等”这一类动词的后面作宾语补足语。Hewon’tlikesuchquestionsdiscussedatthemeeting．他不喜欢在会议上讨论这样的问题。ThestudentswishtheTVserialplayscontinued．学生们希望电视连续剧继续播下去。(4)过去分词用在“with+宾语+宾补”这一结构中,过去分词与宾语之间是动宾关系。Withmanybrightlycoloredflowersplantedaroundthebuilding,hishouselookslikeabeautifulgarden．周围种了许多色彩鲜艳的花,他的房子看上就像一座漂亮的花园。1.我们发现她变了很多。___________________________________.2.什么使他们这样害怕？_________________________________.3.他不想让这样的问题在会上讨论。Hewon’tlikesuchquestions_____________________WefoundhergreatlychangedWhatmadethemsofrightened?discussedatthemeeting1)---Goodmorning.CanIhelpyou?---I’dliketohavethispackage_____,madam.A.beweighedB.tobeweighedC.toweighD.weighed2)Themissingboyswerelastseen___neartheriver.A.playingB.tobeplayingC.playD.played3)Themanagersdiscussedtheplanthattheywouldliketosee____thenextyear.A.carryoutB.carryingoutC.carriedoutD.tocarryout4)Mrs.Brownwasmuchdisappointedtoseethewashingmachineshehadhad________wentwrongagain.A.itB.itrepairedC.repairedD.toberepaired过去分词作状语可表示时间、地点、原因、条件、让步、伴随等意义。过去分词状语相当于状语从句,若过去分词作状语,句子的主语与分词所表示的动作构成动宾关系,即是该分词动作的承受者。动词-ed形式作状语ChinaPavilionWhenChinaPavilionisseenfromthedistance,itlookslikeaChinesecrown(皇冠