芦苇湿地对氮磷污染物质的净化效应及其价值初步估算——以苏北盐城海岸带芦苇湿地为例

9025123(1.2100952.2100933.210008)2km18.3%45.6%87.08%95.65%6.5%8.7%61.3%86.2%3.218.51120/hm2·aX17A1001-6392(2006)05-0090-07[1,2][3,4][5]11460hm219986210km2()4997km229130km2[6][7-11]1.11333hm2()1867hm2(1)255Vol.25No.5200610MARINESCIENCEBULLETINOct.20062005-07-172005-10-215911520d/2/45/67/960200cm80%0.9751.53kg/m2()1.52.51.20,500,1000,2000m4060cm200379(TN)(TP)NO3-NPO4-PTN,TPNO3-N,PO4-PNO3-NPO4-P[12]2.12.1.112000mTNTP23.3%18.3%NO3-N,PO4-PTN,TP45.6%29.6%2(79)(2)TNPO4-P82%TP50cm60cm24060cm1Fig.1Thecanalsystemofreedfieldsirrigation922595.652%2.1.2TN,TP6.5%8.7%61.3%86.2%()64.7%87.4%TN,TP14.154mg/L1.125mg/L2.23.62.2RQin×CinQout×Cout(1)RQinCinQoutQout=QinQrainQepQsoilQrainQepQsoilQoutCout2.67106t414mm500mm441mm45mm13m50%(715922)2.67106m30.67106m31.04106m3(215410)1.33106m3110mm125mm00.53106m3(515620)2.67106m389mm122mm0.67106m312000m/mg·L-1Tab.1Self-purificationofpollutantsinthecanals(/m)TNTPNO-N3PO-P406.2910.3161.1420.0275005.6050.3021.010.02410005.3480.2970.8750.02320004.82340.2580.6210.0192Tab.2Purificationofpollutantsbysoilinthereedfield()·/mgL-1·/mgL-1/%TN5.4230.34393.675TP0.2710.03587.085NO3-N0.8530.31962.603PO4-P0.0230.00195.6525930.96106m320031274mm1867hm220106m36.5601106m30.54mm/d1867hm23.682106m31333hm2TN15.84tTP0.75t1333hm2TNTP39.9t1.9t95.1%90.1%1867hm2TNTP177.1t49.1tTN0.095t/hm2·aTP0.026t/hm2·a(TN0.03t/hm2·aTP0.0014t/hm2·a)3.218.5(1)(2)45mm(3)3.1GHZB1-1999r(r1r2)hrRR1=r1×h1={0,0,0.06035,0.02465,0.951}R2=r2×h2={0.212295,0.280295,0.50201,0,0}R={13R,RRR={00.2291020.77089800}R={00.346930.6350700}R={0.5093030.4907000}22Fig.2Differenceintheconcentrationofpollutantsinthesurfacewaterofreedfieldduringtheirrigationanddrainage·/mgL-1NO-N3PO-P4TPTN9425ææ={0.30.40.150.15}æ}143.0004.0508.0269.0076.0{00095.000002.0064.077.006.049.035.023.0051.000015.015.0,4.03.0(11=⎥⎥⎥⎥⎦⎤⎢⎢⎢⎢⎣⎡•=•=RVζ}00,502.0280.00212.0{00000000064.077.002.049.035.023.007.051.00091.015.015.0,4.03.0(22=⎥⎥⎥⎥⎦⎤⎢⎢⎢⎢⎣⎡•=•=RVζVSSS=AE/CDA(0.03)ECD1.74/tS1.3050.870.4350VS0.928/t1.172/t0.244/t3.21333hm2667tTN39.9tTP1.9t1333hm2149.4081120/hm21t37.581t78.631867hm2TNTP66553860a)2000m18.3%45.6%87.08%95.65%1333hm2TNTP39.9t1.9t95.1%90.1%TN0.095t/hm2·aTP0.026t/hm2·a(TN0.03tTP0.0014t)3.218.5595b)1333hm2149.408/a1120/hm2·aCostanza[13]1659$/hm2[1].[J].,1995,14(4):73-77.[2],.[J].,1997,16(1):58-62.[3]MuscuttAD,HarrisGL,BailySW.Butterzonestoimprovewaterquality:areviewoftheirpotentialuseinUKagriculture.[J].AgricEcosysandEnviron,1993,45:59-77.[4].[J].,1995,15(3):331-335.[5],,.[J].,2005,24(2):79-86.[6].[M].:,2001,12-19.[7],,,.[J].,2000,11(2):270-272.[8],,,..[J].,2002,22(3):300-310.[9],,,.II.[J].,2002,22(4):486-495.[10],,,.[J].,2001,21(6):919-925.[11],,.[J].,1995,6(1):76-80.[12].[J].,1998,20(1):35-43.[13]CostanzaR,etal.TheValueoftheWorld'sEcosystemServicesandNaturalCapital[J].Nature,1997,38(7):253-260.(1974)PrimaryValuationonthePurificationFunctionofReedWetlandforN,PACaseStudyintheCoastalYanchengOUWeixin1,GAOJianhua2,YANGGuishan3(1.InternationalCentreofResources,EnviromentandDevelopmentStudyNanjingAgricultureUniversity,Nanjing210095,Jiangsu,China;2.MinistryofEducationKeyLaboratoryforCoastandIslandDevelopment,NanjingUniversity,Nanjing210093,Jiangsu,China;3.NanjingInstituteofGeographyandLimnology,ChineseAcademyofSciences,Nanjing210008,Jiangsu,China)AbstractThepurificationfunctionoftwopatchesofreedwetland,whichwasmanagedbyeffluentirrigationwithdifferentintensityinthecoastalYancheng,wassurveye.Theresultsshowthat,undergeneralirrigationbyriverwater(atXinyanggang),thepurificationratesforNandP9625are18.3%45.6%ina2kmlongchanneland87.08%~95.65%inthereedfield.Undereffluentirrigationwithsewagefrompapermill(atHuangshagang),thepurificationratesforNandPare6.5%8.7%inthechannelsand61.3%86.2%inthereedfield.AtHuangshagang,about0.095tofTN,0.026tofTPcanberemovedfromreedwetlandperhectareperyear,whichare3.2,18.5timesthepurificationefficiencyofreedwetlandbygeneralirrigationwithriverwater,respectively.Thegapofthepurificationefficiencybetweenthegeneralirrigationreedwetlandandtheeffluentirrigationreedwetland,showsthattherearegreatpotentialandspaceforutilizingthepurificationfunctionsfornutrientsofthereedwetlandsinthecoastalYancheng.Thereedpurificationvalue,1120perhectareperyear,islowerthantheinternationalestimatedresultly.Thatindicates,furtherexperimentsandresearchesofthepurificationfunctionofreedwetlandfornutrientsandotherpollutantsareneededinthecoastalYancheng,andsuchresearchesarealsoofpracticalimportanceandnecessity.Keywordsnutrients;purificationfunction;valuation;reedwetland...............................................................................................................................................................(89)ContentsofandAssessmentonHeavyMetalsinAquaticOrganismsintheYuansdangLakeofXiamenRUANJinshan(FisheryResearchInstituteofFujian,Xiamen361012,Fujian,China)AbstractBasedonthedataofenvironmentalsurveyobtainedfromtheYuandangLakeofXiamen,FujianProvinceinJuly2001,theconcentrationsanddistributionsofheavymetalsinfishesandshrimpandcrabareanalyzed.Theresultsmaybesummarizedasfollows:The