英美文学知识点总结(适用于英语专八)

OldEnglishLiterature古英语文学（450-1066年）Beowulf（贝奥武甫）---ThefirstEnglishnationalepic中世纪英语文学（1066-1500）GeoffreyChaucer(乔叟，c.1343–1400)wasanEnglishpoet.HeisrememberedforhisTheCanterburyTales《坎特伯雷故事集》,calledthefatherofEnglishliterature“英国文学之父”WilliamLangland(朗格兰，1330?-1400?),theauthorofthe14th-centuryEnglishlongnarrativepoemPiersPlowman《农夫皮尔斯》.文艺复兴（16-17世纪）WilliamShakespeare(莎士比亚，1564-1616),Englishpoetandplaywright,hissurvivingworksconsistof38plays,154sonnets,twolongnarrativepoemsVenusandAdonis《维拉斯和阿多尼斯》TheRapeofLucrece.《鲁克丽丝受辱记》Shakespeare’sgreatestworks:greatesttragediesareKingLear《李尔王》,Macbeth《麦克白》,Hamlet《哈姆雷特》,Othello《奥赛罗》,RomeoandJuliet《罗密欧与朱丽叶》greatcomedies:AMidsummerNight’sDream《仲夏夜之梦》,AsYouLikeIt《皆大欢喜》,TheMerchantofVenice《威尼斯商人》,TwelfthNight《第十二夜》greathistoricalplays:RichardIII《理查三世》,HenryIV《亨利四世》,HenryV《亨利五世》,HenryVII《亨利八世》JohnMilton(弥尔顿,1608-1674)wasanEnglishpoetandcivilservantfortheCommonwealthofEngland.HeisbestknownforhisepicpoemParadiseLost《失乐园》,ParadiseRegained《复乐园》Samson《力士参孙》.18世纪文学和新古典主义AlexanderPope(浦柏,1688-1744)isgenerallyregardedasthegreatestEnglishpoetoftheeighteenthcentury,bestknownforhissatiricalepigram讽刺隽语andheroiccouplet英雄双韵体.HismajorworksincludemockepicsatiricalpoemAnEssayonMan《人论》andAnEssayonCriticism《论批评》DanielDefoe(笛福，1660—1731)wasanEnglishwriterwhogainedenduringfameforhisnovelRobinsonCrusoe《鲁滨逊漂流记》,spokesmanformiddle-classpeopleHenryFielding(菲尔丁,1707---1754)，anEnglishnovelistknownforhisnovel:TheHistoryofTomJones.JonathanSwift(斯威夫特,1667-1745),wasanAnglo-Irishnovelist,satirist.HeisrememberedfornovelsuchasGulliver’sTravels《格列佛游记》.RichardSheridan(谢立丹，1751—1816),Irishplaywright,knownforhissatiricalplaySchoolofScandal(造谣学校).HewasarepresntativewriterofComediesofManners.LaurenceSterne(斯特恩,1713—1768),anEnglishnovelist.HeisbestknownforhisnovelTristramShandy（《商第传》）.OliverGoldsmith（哥尔德斯密斯，1728-1774）Englishnovelist,knownforhisnovelVicarofWakefield(《威克菲尔德牧师传记》)ThomasGray(托马斯•格雷1716—1771)，anEnglishpoet,authorofElegyWritteninaCountryChurchyard（《墓畔哀歌》）,writerofsentimentalism感伤派.浪漫主义（18世纪末19世纪初）WilliamBlake(1757–1827)wasanEnglishpoet,bestknownforhispoeticalcollectionsofSongofInnocence《天真之歌》andSongofExperience《经验之歌》.WilliamWordsworth(1770-1850),amajorEnglishRomanticpoetwho,withSamuelTaylorColeridge,helpedlaunchtheRomanticAgeinEnglishliteraturewiththeir1798jointpublication,LyricalBallads《抒情歌谣集》.Wordsworth‘smagnumopusisgenerallyconsideredtobeThePrelude《序曲》.SamuelTaylorColeridge(柯勒律治,1772–1834)wasanEnglishpoetwhowas,alongwithhisfriendWilliamWordsworth,oneofthefoundersoftheRomanticMovementinEnglandandoneoftheLakePoets.HeisprobablybestknownforhispoemsTheRimeoftheAncientMariner《古舟子颂》andKublaKhan《忽必烈汗》GeorgeGordonByron(拜伦，1788—1824)wasaEnglishpoetandaleadingfigureinRomanticism.AmongstByron‘sbest-knownworksarehisnarrativepoemsChildeHarold‘sPilgrimage《哈罗尔德游记》andDonJuan《唐璜》PercyByssheShelley(1792—1822)wasoneofthemajorEnglishRomanticpoetsandiswidelyconsideredtobeamongthefinestlyricpoetsintheEnglishlanguage.HeisperhapsmostfamousforOdetotheWestWind《西风颂》,ToaSkylark《致云雀》,PrometheusUnbound《解放了的普罗米修斯》.MaryShelley(玛丽•雪莱1797–1851)wasaBritishnovelistbestknownforherGothicnovelFrankenstein《弗兰肯斯坦》,consideredasfirstsciencefictionJohnKeats(济慈,1795—1821)wasanEnglishpoetwhobecameoneoftheprincipalpoetsoftheEnglishRomanticmovement.HismasterpiecessuchasOdeonaGrecianUrn《希腊古瓮颂》andOdetoaNightingale《夜莺颂》浪漫主义时期小说家JaneAusten(1775—1817),wasanEnglishnovelist.HermajornovelsincludeSenseandSensibility(《理智与情感》),PrideandPrejudice(《傲慢与偏见》),Emma(《爱玛》).WalterScott(司各特,1771---1832),aprolificScottishhistoricalnovelist.HismajorworksisIvanhoe《艾凡赫》Realism现实主义时期（VictorianAge维多利亚时期1837-1901）Brontesisters勃朗宁姐妹,Charlotte(夏洛蒂,1816–1855),Emily(艾米丽,1818–1848)andAnne(安妮,1820–1849),wereEnglishwritersofthe1840sand1850s.Charlotte‘sJaneEyre《简爱》,Emily’sWutheringHeights《呼啸山庄》andAnne'sAgnesGrey《艾格妮斯·格雷》aremasterpiecesofEnglishliterature.GeorgeElliot(乔治-爱略特，1819—1880)wasanEnglishnovelist.ShewasoneoftheleadingwritersoftheVictorianera.Hernovels,largelysetinprovincialEngland.Hermajornovelsinclude:TheMillontheFloss《佛洛斯河上的磨坊》Middlemarch《米德尔玛契》.CharlesDickens(1812–1870)：oneofthemostpopularEnglishnovelistsoftheVictorianera.Hismajornovelsinclude:ATaleofTwoCities《双城记》,OliverTwist《奥利弗退斯特》,DavidCopperfield《大卫科波菲尔德》,GreatExpectation《远大前程》,HardTimes《艰难时世》WilliamMakepeaceThackeray(萨克雷，1811—1863)wasanEnglishnovelistofthe19thcentury.Hewasfamousforhissatiricalworks,particularlyVanityFair《名利场》Mrs.Gaskell(盖斯凯尔夫人,1810-1865)wasanEnglishnovelistduringtheVictorianera.Hermajornovelsinclude:MaryBarton《玛丽•巴顿》ThomasHardy(哈代,1840–1928),anEnglishnovelistofthenaturalism自然主义.Hismajornovelsinclude:Tessofthed‘Urbervilles《德伯家的苔丝》FarfromtheMaddingCrowd《远离尘嚣》JudetheObscure.《无名的裘德》MostofhisnovelsaresetinWessex（威塞克斯）.现实主义时期诗歌RobertBrowning(布朗宁,1812–1889)wasanEnglishpoetandplaywrightwhosemasteryofdramaticverse,especiallydramaticmonologues戏剧独白,madehimoneoftheforemostVictorianpoets.AlfredTennyson(丁尼生，1809–1892)wasPoetLaureateoftheUnitedKingdomandremainsoneofthemostpopularEnglishpoets.Tennysonexcelledatpennings