科技英语写作中典型错误分析

科技英语写作中典型错误分析专业外语——例1【汉语原句】这种新方法具有效率高、容易调整的优点。【错误翻译】Thiskindofnewmethodhavetheadvantageofhighefficiency,easyadjustment.【错误翻译】Thiskindofnewmethodhavetheadvantageofhighefficiency,easyadjustment.【正确翻译】Thisnewmethodhastheadvantagesofhighefficiencyandeasyadjustment.【错误分析】(1)不用thiskindofnewmethod，汉语中的“种”如果在英语中表示只有一种东西时，不能或不必译出来，如“一种算法”，“一种方法”，“一种元素”；(2)have→has；(3)优点有两个，所以advantages→advantage；(4)优点只有两个，所以之间的连接用and而不用“，”，更不能用“、”。【正确翻译】Thisnewmethodhastheadvantagesofhighefficiencyandeasyadjustment.【错误翻译】Thiskindofnewmethodhavetheadvantageofhighefficiency,easyadjustment.例2【汉语原句】本文首先讨论了这种信号的特点，然后讨论了它的产生。【错误翻译】Thispaperfirstdiscussesthefeaturesofthissignal,andthenitsgenerationisdescribed.【错误翻译】Thispaperfirstdiscussesthefeaturesofthissignal,andthenitsgenerationisdescribed.【正确翻译】Thispaperfirstdiscussesthefeaturesofthissignal,andthendescribesitsgeneration.【错误分析】语法上，本句没错误。但由于这是一个并列复合句，一般来说两个并列句中的语态（有时时态）应该一致。所以做如下修改。【正确翻译】Thispaperfirstdiscussesthefeaturesofthissignal,andthendescribesitsgeneration.推荐翻译：Thispaperbeginswiththediscussiononthefeaturesofthesignal,followedbythedescriptionofitsgeneration.【错误翻译】Thispaperfirstdiscussesthefeaturesofthissignal,andthenitsgenerationisdescribed.例3【汉语原句】这台设备的特点是操作简便，价格低廉。【错误翻译】Thefeaturesofthisdeviceareeasyinoperationandlowinprice.【错误翻译】Thefeaturesofthisdeviceareeasyinoperationandlowinprice.【正确翻译】Thefeaturesofthisdeviceareeasyoperationandlowprice.或Thedevicefeatureseasyoperationandlowprice.【错误分析】本句主语是features，所以其表语不能用easyinoperationandlowinprice,而只能用名词短语,这叫做“主表对等”。如果主语是具体的东西，我们就可以说Thisdeviceisgoodinquality。【正确翻译】Thefeaturesofthisdeviceareeasyoperationandlowprice.或Thedevicefeatureseasyoperationandlowprice.推荐翻译：Thisdeviceischaracterizedby(its)easyoperationandlowprice.【错误翻译】Thefeaturesofthisdeviceareeasyinoperationandlowinprice.例4【汉语原句】强调指出了光强随圆柱体直径变化的正弦规律。【错误翻译】Thesinelawofthevarianceofthelightintensitybroughtduetothevarianceofthecylinderdiameterhasbeenpointedoutemphatically.【错误翻译】Thesinelawofthevarianceofthelightintensitybroughtduetothevarianceofthecylinderdiameterhasbeenpointedoutemphatically.【正确翻译】Thesinelawofthevariationofthelightintensitywiththecylinderdiameterhasbeenemphasized.【错误分析】不妥有三处。(1)科技文中“变化”常用“variation”或“change”，而很少用“variance”；(2)A随着B变化应用固定搭配，“thevariationofAwithB”；(3)pointoutemphatically虽然表达没有错，但是常用emphasize。【正确翻译】Thesinelawofthevariationofthelightintensitywiththecylinderdiameterhasbeenemphasized.【错误翻译】Thesinelawofthevarianceofthelightintensitybroughtduetothevarianceofthecylinderdiameterhasbeenpointedoutemphatically.例5【汉语原句】我们的方法与以前讨论同一问题的文章中所述的不同。【错误翻译】Ourmethodisdifferentfrompreviousarticlesdiscussedthesameproblem.【错误翻译】Ourmethodisdifferentfrompreviousarticlesdiscussedthesameproblem.【正确翻译】Ourmethodisdifferentfromthosepresented(described)inthepaperavailable(publishedbefore)on(discussing)thesameproblem.【错误分析】错误有两处。(1)比较对象不一致，主语是“方法”，而from后是“文章”；(2)discuss为及物动词，之后的thesameproblem是宾语，所以应该用现在分词，而不是过去分词。另外“以前的文章”用previousarticles不好，因为previous多指同一本书或同篇论文里表示的“前面的”；科技论文多用“paper”。【正确翻译】Ourmethodisdifferentfromthosepresented(described)inthepaperavailable(publishedbefore)on(discussing)thesameproblem.【错误翻译】Ourmethodisdifferentfrompreviousarticlesdiscussedthesameproblem.例6【汉语原句】只有通过对该系统性能的研究，我们才能了解它的优点。【错误翻译】Onlythroughstudiedtheperformanceofthesystem,itsadvantagescanbeunderstood.【错误翻译】Onlythroughstudiedtheperformanceofthesystem,itsadvantagescanbeunderstood.【正确翻译】Onlythroughthestudyoftheperformanceofthesystem,canweunderstand(appreciate)itsadvantages.【错误分析】错误有三处。(1)through是介词，所以其后不能接过去分词分词studied，科技文献常用“through+名词+of+～”或“by+动名词+～”表示“通过”；(2)以“only+状语”开头，所以后面要发生部分倒装，can应该提前；(3)由于“研究”的主语是人，所以本句应该使用主动语态。【正确翻译】Onlythroughthestudyoftheperformanceofthesystem,canweunderstand(appreciate)itsadvantages.【错误翻译】Onlythroughstudiedtheperformanceofthesystem,itsadvantagescanbeunderstood.例7【汉语原句】若自偏电路设计不当，LC振荡器会出现间歇振荡。【错误翻译】Iftheself-biascircuitdoesnotdesigngood,theLCoscillatorwilltakeplacechoppingoscillations.【错误翻译】Iftheself-biascircuitdoesnotdesigngood,theLCoscillatorwilltakeplacechoppingoscillations.【正确翻译】Iftheself-biascircuitisnotdesignedwell(properly),choppingoscillationswilltakeplaceintheLCoscillator.【错误分析】这是典型的“中文式翻译”。在if引导的条件状语从句中，电路自己不会设计，所以要用被动语态；“设计”在句中为动词，所以修饰它的该是副词well而不能用good；主句中，takeplace这个短语动词是不及物的，所以不能有宾语。【正确翻译】Iftheself-biascircuitisnotdesignedwell(properly),choppingoscillationswilltakeplaceintheLCoscillator.【错误翻译】Iftheself-biascircuitdoesnotdesigngood,theLCoscillatorwilltakeplacechoppingoscillations.例8【汉语原句】本文对提高打印速度和印字质量提供了一种机辅设计手段。【错误翻译】Thispaperprovidedakindofmeansofcomputeraiddesignforprogressingtheprintingspeedandtheprintingquality.【错误翻译】Thispaperprovidedakindofmeansofcomputeraiddesignforprogressingtheprintingspeedandtheprintingquality.【正确翻译】ThispaperpresentsaCADmethodforincreasingtheprintingspeedandimprovingtheprintingquality.【错误分析】三个错误：(1)通常在使用“本文讨论了…”这种句型时，不用过去时而用一般现在时，所以provided不合适，最好用presents；(2)“一直机辅设计手段”就是CADmethod；(3)progressing用词不对，因为progress做动词是不及物动词，提供速度要用increase，提供质量要用improve。【正确翻译】ThispaperpresentsaCADmethodforincreasingtheprintingspeedandimprovingtheprintingquality.【