新概念2第39课

Lesson39AmIAllRight?熊家欣刘佳萌WhileJohnGilbertwasinhospital,heaskedhisdoctortotellhimwhetherhisoperationhadbeensuccessful,butthedoctorrefusedtodoso.Thefollowingday,thepatientaskedforabedsidetelephone.Whenhewasalone,hetelephonedthehospitalexchangeandaskedforDoctorMillington.Whenthedoctoransweredthephone,Mr.Gilbertsaidhewasinquiringaboutacertainpatient,aMr.JohnGilbert.HeaskedifMr.John’soperationhadbeensuccessfulandthedoctortoldhimthatithadbeen.HethenaskedwhenMr.Gilbertwouldbeallowedtogohomeandthedoctortoldhimthathewouldhavetostayinhospitalforanothertwoweeks.ThenDr.Millingtonaskedthecallerifhewasarelativeofthepatient.‘No,’thepatientanswered,‘IamMr.JohnGilbert.’Operationn.1.[外科]手术2.操作，作业3.经营，管理；营业；企业Phrases:inoperation生效；运转着normaloperation正常运行，常规操作operationprinciple经营理念safeoperation安全操作Infact,youcancreateasuccessfulplanforyourbusinessinjustoneday.实际上，你在一天之内就可以制作一个成功的事业战略计划。Successfuln.成功的，一帆风顺的Phrases:successfulin在…成功的Others:Successn.成功Succeedv.成功Successionn.连续；继位；继承权Successorn.继承者Nordoeshehaveanobvioussuccessorasleader.目前也没有明显的继任者可以接替他的职务。Followingadj.下面的；其次的，接着的n.下列事物；一批追随者v.跟随；沿行（follow的ing形式）prep.在…之后，接着Phrases:inthefollowing在下面；在下文中immediatelyfollowing紧跟着followingsystem跟踪系统followinginorder循序Patientadj.1.忍耐的；容忍的2.坚忍的；耐心的3.沉着的；不急躁的4.耐心等待的；显出有耐心的5.勤快的；孜孜不倦的n.1.病人；患者2.受动着；承受者Whatisbestgiftadoctorcangivetohispatient?一个医生能给他病人的最好礼物是什么？Phrases:patientof能忍受patientwith对……有耐心patientcare病患照顾patientsafety病人安全mentalpatient精神病人Asanurse,yououghttobeverypatientwithyourpatients.作为一名护士，你应该对病人十分耐心。aloneadj.1.孤零的，孤单的2.单独的；孤独的adv.1.孤零地，孤单地，孤独地2.单独地3.独自地；孤立无援地4.只，只有；仅仅Phrases:letalone更不必说；听任；不打扰standalone孤立；独一无二alonewith与…一起Exchangevt.1.换，更换，调换，掉换：Moststorewillallowthecustomerstoexchangetheirgoods.大多数商店将允许顾客更换商品。2.换回，换来，换取3.把…换成；用…交换；兑换(for)I'dliketoexchangethisdressforoneinasmallersize.我想把这件衣服换一件小点尺寸的。4.交换，互换，轮换(with)：Exchangevi.1.交换，替换；交易；进行易货贸易3.调换，调换职务(或位置）n.1.交易，贸易；易货贸易；交流2.交换，互换3.代替；替换，更换，调换，转换adj.(被)交换的，互相交换的，互换的；交流的；兑换的Inquirevt.问，打听，询问vi.1.问，打听，询问2.调查，查问(常与into连用)Phrases:inquireinto调查，探究inquireabout询问，查问；打听inquireof询问；打听inquirefor求见；要找inquireafter问候；询问起I'dliketoinquireaboutthejobforsalesmanager.我想询问一下销售经理这个职位的情况。It'sthesecretary'sjobtoinquireabouttheflightsforthemanager.为经理查询有关航班的情况是秘书的职责。certainadj.1.确凿的，毫无疑问的2.确定的；固定的3.必定的，必然的4.可靠的，可信赖的pron.某些；某几个Phrases:acertainextent一定程度上acertaindegree到某种程度forcertain肯定地；确凿地certainlevel某一水平Relativeadj.1.相互有关的；休戚与共的2.与…有关的；相关的3.比较而言的4.相对的Evenitssuccessesareonlyrelative.即使成功也只是相对的。Itisagiftformyrelativeinmyhometown.这是我送给家乡一位亲戚的礼物。1、人称的转变1）直接引语中的第一人称一般转换为第三人称如：Hesaid，“Iamverysorry.”——Hesaidthathewasverysorry.2）直接引语中的第二人称，如果原话是针对转述人说的，转换为第一人称如：“Youshouldbemorecarefulnexttime,”myfathertoldme.——MyfathertoldmethatIshouldbemorecarefulthenexttime.3）直接引语中的第二人称，如果原话是针对第三人称说的，转换成第三人称。如：Shesaidtoherson,“I'llcheckyourhomeworktonight.”——Shesaidtohersonthatshewouldcheckhishomeworkthatnight.4）人称的转换包括人称代词、物主代词和名词性物主代词等，如：Heaskedme,“Willyougotothestationwithmetomeetafriendofminethisafternoon?”——HeaskedmewhetherIwouldgotothestationwithhimtomeetafriendofhisthatafternoon.总之，人称的转换不是固定的，具体情况，具体对待，要符合逻辑。2、时态的转换直接引语改为间接引语时，主句中的谓语动词如果是过去时，从句（即间接引语部分）的谓语动词在时态方面要作相应的变化，变成过去时范畴的各种时态（实际也是宾语从句的时态要求），变化如下：直接引语间接引语一般现在时一般过去时一般过去时过去完成时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时过去进行时过去进行时一般将来时过去将来时3、直接引语变成间接引语时，从句时态无须改变的情况1）当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时的时候，如：Healwayssays,“Iamtiredout.”——Healwayssaysthatheistiredout.2）当主句的谓语动词是将来时的时候，如：Hewillsay,“I’lltrymybesttohelpyou.”——Hewillsaythathewilltryhisbesttohelpme.3）当直接引语部分带有具体的过去时间状语时如：Hesaid,“Iwenttocollegein1994.”——Hetoldusthathewenttocollegein1994.4）当直接引语中有以when,while引导的从句，表示过去的时间时，如：Hesaid，“WhenIwasachild,Iusuallyplayedfootballafterschool.”——Hesaidthatwhenhewasachild,heusuallyplayedfootballafterschool.5）当直接引语是客观真理或自然现象时，如：Ourteachersaidtous,“Lighttravelsfasterthansound.”——Ourteachertoldusthatlighttravelsfasterthansound.6）当引语是谚语、格言时，如：Hesaid，“Practicemakesperfect.”——Hesaidthatpracticemakesperfect.7）当直接引语中有情态动词should,would,could,hadbetter,wouldrather,might,must,oughtto,usedto,need时如：Sheasked,“MustItakethemedicine?”——Sheaskedifshehadtotakethemedicine.〔注〕：此处用hadto代替must更好8）此外转述中的变化要因实际情况而定，不能机械照搬，如果当地转述，here不必改为there,动词come不必改为go，如果当天转述yesterday,tomorrow,thisafternoon等均不必改变。4、时间状语、地点状语及某些对比性的指示代词和动词变化1）时间状语：直接引语（间接引语）now（then）；today(thatday）；tomorrow（thenext/followingday）nextweek（thenext/followingweek）yesterday（thedaybefore）twodaysago（twodaysbefore）thisweek/month/year(thatweek/month/year)2）指示代词：these变成those3）地点状语：here变成thereShesaid,“Iwon'tcomehereanymore.”——Shesaidthatshewouldn’tgothereanymore.4）动词：come变成go，bring变成take5、直接引语变间接引语，句子结构的变化1）陈述句。用连词that引导，that在口语中常省略。主句的谓语动词可直用接引语中的said,也可用told来代替，注意，可以说saidthat,saidtosb.that,toldsb.that，不可直接说toldthat,如：Hesaid,“IhavebeentotheGreatWall.”——HesaidtousthathehadbeentotheGreatWall.Hesaid,“I'llgiveyouanexaminationnextMonday.”——HetoldusthathewouldgiveusanexaminationthenextMonday.（不可说toldthat）2）直接引语为一般疑问句，（也称是否疑问句，）间接引语用连词whether或if引导，原主句中谓语动词said要改为asked（me/him/us等），语序是陈述句的语序，这一点非常重要。如：Hesaid,“Doyouhaveanydifficultywithpronunciation?”——Heasked（me）whe