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Chapter5TheUKEconomyContents1LearningObjectives2starter3outline4AssignmentLearningObjectivesAgeneralideaabouttheeconomicstructuresoftheUK.AbsolutedeclineandrelativedeclineWorld-famousenterprisesandimportantfigures.Thepresenteconomicsituation.StarterFindouttheinformationaboutthefollowinglogos.ShellLondonStockExchangeUnit6Economy–Lesson12clickeachpicturetofindmoreinformationStarterShell(壳牌):Aglobalgroupofenergyandpetrochemicals(石化)companies,with104,000employeesinmorethan110countries.Unit6Economy–Lesson12StarterLondonStockExchange(伦敦证券交易所):astockexchangelocatedinLondon.Foundedin1801,itisoneofthelargeststockexchangesintheworld,withmanyoverseaslistingsaswellasBritishcompanies.Unit6Economy–Lesson12OutlineofChapter5EconomyAbsolutedeclineandrelativedeclinea.introductionb.Reasonsforrelativedeclinec.RecentHistoryTheCurrentUKEconomyPrimaryIndustriesSecondaryIndustriesTertiaryIndustriesCaseStudy:TheAerospaceIndustryConcordIntroduction“FactoryoftheWorld”“BritishDisease”---amockingterm(1)atermusedtocharacterizeBritain’seconomicdeclineafterthewars.(2)Britain’sslowgrowthofproductivity,soaringinflation,andlargeunemployment.3periodsofBritisheconomicevolutionSteadydevelopmentinthe50sand60s;Economicrecessioninthe70s;Economicrecoveryinthe80s.IntroductionAmajordevelopedcapitalistcountry6thlargesteconomyStrongestbusinessenvironmentAmemberofG7,G8,G20AmemberofWTOAleadingglobaltradingnationIntroductionBythe1880s,dominantintheworld,onethirdoftheworld’smanufacturedgoodshalfitscoalandironhalfitscotton.By1900,overtakenbyUSandGermanyIntroductionAfterWorldWarIIaperiodofgreatdifficultyrelativeeconomicdecline.GrowthandDeclineReasonsforRelativedeclineheavilyintodebtinordertofinancethewartheeraoftheBritishEmpirewasover—decolonization(lossesofrawmaterial&market)militaryexpense(untiltheprocessofdecolonizationcompletedinthe1960s)lackedinvestmentinmodernequipmentandnewproductslowratesofdomesticindustrialinvestmenthighrateofoverseasinvestmentlackofacloserelationshipbetweenindustryandbanksNoticeNotpoorer,orproducinglessAlotwealthierandmoreproductiveThoughimproved,othersmorerapidlySlidingfrom2ndto6thRecentHistory(1945-1979)In1945theLaborpartycarriedoutdrasticreforms•nationalizekeyindustries(suchascoal,steelandtransport)laidthefoundationforpostwarBritishsocialandeconomicdevelopmentResult:Britain’seconomicgrowthfellbehindthatofwesternEuropeancountries“Inpoliticsifyouwantanythingsaid,askaman.Ifyouwantanythingdone,askawoman.”—MargaretThatcherPolicies(1979-1997)RecentHistory(1979-1997)1979-1997ConservativePartyMargaretThatcherRadicaleconomicreform•sellbackthoseindustriestotheprivatesector•beatinflation(primaryobjective)•PromotecompetitivespiritineconomySocialwelfarereducedResult:Britain’seconomicgrowthstilllaggedbehind2ndonlytotheUSasadestinationforinternationaldirectinvestment2ndbiggestinternationalinvestorintheworld(1995).Policies(1979-1997)RecentHistory(1997-)In1997theLaborpartyTonyBlairthe“ThirdWay”:differfromtheoldtheLaborparty’snationalizationreformandtheconservativeparty’sextremeindividualism•madetheBankofEnglandindependent•emphasizedontheminimumwageandsupplementinglowincomes•emphasizedindividualresponsibilityBritain’seconomicgrowthsurpassedothermajorEuropeancountriesCurrentBritishEconomyIItheworld'sfifthlargesteconomy(afterUS,Japan,GermanyandChina)theworld'stwelfthrichestSterling—performedrelativelywellagainstmajorcurrenciesinrecentyearsPrimaryindustries--AgricultureSmallbutefficient¾foragriculture¼undercrops—wheatandbarleyRestforanimals,includingcattleandsheepSouth-eastofEnglandBritishAgriculturePedigreeGallowaycattleattheMcConnachieorganicfamilyfarm.Here,thenewtechnologyandmethodsareintegratedwiththetraditional.Contractorsbaletheorganicsilage(饲料)attheMcConnachiefarm.PrimaryIndustries—Fishing55%ScottishportsPrimaryindustries--energyproduction5%ofnationalwealthCoaloilandgas:NorthSeaproducerandexporteroffshoreoilindustryNorthSeaOilProductionNorthSeaoilplatformOilproductionwasalsobegunintheNorthSea,nearNorwayandGreatBritain,butthistoosoonreachedapeak.NorthSeaoilproductionhasbeendecliningsince1999secondaryindustriesmanufacturing(20%ofnationalwealth)pharmaceuticals(Glaxo-Wellcome),chemicals,(ICI)aerospace(3rdlargestintheworld),foodanddrink,electronicsindustry(4thlargestintheworld)carindustry(Rover)GlaxoSmithKline(葛兰素史克)abbreviatedtoGSKaglobalpharmaceutical,biologics,vaccinesandconsumerhealthcarecompanyheadquarteredinLondonthirdlargestpharmaceuticalcompanymeasuredbyrevenuesalargeconsumerhealthcaredivisionwhichproducesandmarketsoralhealthcareproducts,nutritionaldrinksandover-the-countermedicines.ICI(ImperialChemicalIndustries)aBritishchemicalcompany,takenoverbyAkzoNobel,aDutchconglomerate(n.企业集团)oneofthelargestchemicalproducersintheworld.paintsandspecialityproductsaround29,000peopleaturnoverofjustover£4.8billionin2006.independentfrom1926to2008,headquarteredformostofthattimeinMillbank,London,SinceJanuary2008ownedbyAkzoNobel,whichhasfullyintegratedthetwocompanies.ScotlandElectro
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