新职业英语-2-Unit-6

Unit6QualityUnit6新职业英语Unit6QualityContentsBackNextHomeListening&Speaking4Warming-up1ReadingA2ReadingB3LanguageLab7LanguageLab7Writing5Mini-project6LanguageLab7Entertainment8Unit6QualityWarm-upBackNextHomeTask1Task2Warming-upUnit6QualityWarm-1Warming-upTask1Workinpairs.Discusswithyourpartnerandmatchthequalitysymbolswiththeirmeanings.()1.ItisacompulsoryconformitymarkonmanyproductsplacedonthesinglemarketintheEuropeanEconomicArea.ItcertifiesthataproducthasmetEuropeanconsumersafety,healthorenvironmentalrequirements.()2.Itisastandardforqualitymanagementsystems.ItismaintainedbytheInternationalOrganizationforStandardization.()3.ItistheabbreviationforChinaCompulsoryCertification.Itcovers135productsdividedinto20categories,includinghouseholdappliances,motorvehicles,motorcycles,safetyglasses,medicaldevices,lightingapparatus,cablesandwires,etc.BACNotesBackNextHomeUnit6QualityNotes-1ISO9000国际标准化组织9000。ISO9000系列是众多由ISO（国际标准化组织）设立的国际标准中最著名的标准。此标准并不是评估产品的质量。而是评估产品在生产过程中的品质控制，是一个组织管理的标准。BackWarming-upNextUnit6QualityNotes-2CE欧洲合格认证。大部分来自欧洲经济区（EEA）的产品，都需要印上欧洲合格认证CE标志，代表产品制造商或服务提供者已确保产品符合相应的欧盟要求，而相应的评估程序也已完成。相关欧盟要求包括玩具安全、机械工具等。Warming-upNextBackUnit6QualityNotes-3CCC中国强制性产品认证，又名中国强制认证，简称CCC或3C。它是中华人民共和国强制规定各类产品进出口、出厂、销售和使用必须取得的认证，只有通过认证的产品才能被认为在安全、电磁兼容性（EMC）、环保等方面符合强制要求。CCC标志的图案由基本图案、认证种类标注组成。Warming-upBackUnit6QualityWarm-2Task2Workinpairs.Discusswithyourpartnerandmatchthefollowingqualitysymbolswiththeircorrespondingproducts.AFHBDGCEBackNextHomeWarming-upNotesUnit6QualityNotes-1中国质量认证中心（CQC）是经中央机构编制委员会批准、由国家质量监督检验检疫总局设立、委托国家认证认可监督管理委员会管理的国家级认证机构。该中心颁发的认证包括产品认证（CC产品认证、农食产品认证、CQC自愿性产品认证等）、体系认证（ISO9001认证、ISO4001认证等）和国际认证（CB认证、CE认证等）。Warming-upNextBackUnit6QualityNotes-2中国质量认证中心农食产品认证中国质量认证中心（CQC）认证的一种。Warming-upBackUnit6QualityReadingAReadingABackNextHomeTextTask1Task2BusinessKnow-howUnit6QualityTextA-1ProductRecall1Aproductrecallisdefinedastheactiontakentopreventthedistribution,salesanduseofaproductwhichmayposeasafetyhazardtoconsumers.Suchactionmaybetakenifthereisprobabilitythattheuseoftheproductwouldcausehealthconsequences,injuryordeath.BackNextHomeReadingAUnit6QualityTextA-22Recallsarecostlytoacompanybecausetheyoftenentailreplacingtherecalledproductorpayingfordamagecausedinuse.Inaddition,thereisalsoindirectcostfollowingdamagetoabrandnameandreducedtrustinthemanufacturer.Agoodexampleistherecallofover500,000ToyotaTundrapickuptrucks,whichhadasteeringproblem,forcingthemanufacturertoattempttorighttheproblem.BackNextHomeReadingAUnit6QualityTextA-33Acountry’sconsumerprotectionlawsusuallyhavespecificrequirementsinregardtoproductrecalls.Suchregulationsmayincludehowmuchofthecostthemakerwillhavetobear,situationsinwhicharecalliscompulsory,orpenaltiesforfailuretorecall.Acompanymayalsoinitiatearecallvoluntarily,subjecttothesameregulations.Suppliersareencouragedtovoluntarilyrecallaproductassoonasadefectisfound.Itisinthebestinterestofthesupplierstomakesurethattheseproductsareeffectivelyremovedorpreventedfromreachingthemarketplace.BackNextHomeReadingAUnit6QualityTextA-44Consumerorganizationsoftenexamineproductsandwarnthepublicofpossibledefectsthatdiminishaproduct’sfunctionalvalueorsafety.Inthemeantime,individualconsumersmayusegrass-rootstacticstobringpublicattentiontocorporatemisconduct.Theymaywritetonewspapersandpostinformationonproductdefects,threateningthemaker’spublicityifthefaultsarenotputright.BackNextHomeReadingAUnit6QualityTextA-55Whenitbecomesapparentthataproductislikelytocauseinjuryorhealthproblemstoaperson,thesuppliershouldtakethenecessarystepsrequiredtorecalltheproductandcontroltherisk.Aproductcanberecalledatthreelevels:wholesale,retailandindividualconsumer.Afterassessingtheproductdistributioninmarketplace,thesuppliershoulddeterminethelevelsofproductrecalls.Determinationofthelevelofrecallsisdependentonhowfartheproducthaspenetratedthemarketfromthesupplier.Anindividualconsumerrecallisthemostseriousandextensivetypeandinvolvesrecoveryoftheproductfromindividualconsumers.BackNextHomeReadingAUnit6QualityTextA-66Beingawareofproductrecallsisimportantforthesafetyofanyonewhocomesincontactwiththeproduct.Unfortunately,recallsarenotalwayseasytolearnabout,andcompaniesdonotalwayspublicizearecallinanefforttolimitthecostofreplacingtheproduct.BackNextHomeReadingAUnit6QualityA-Trans-1ReadingABack产品召回1产品召回是指针对存在消费安全隐患的产品所采取的防止其流通、销售或使用的行动。如果消费者使用产品有可能导致健康问题、身体损伤或死亡，那么就需要采取产品召回的行动。Unit6QualityA-Trans-22对于公司来说,产品召回需要付出高昂的代价，因为公司通常要替换被召回的产品或赔偿消费者因使用该产品受到的伤害。一个典型的例子就是丰田公司曾召回超过50万辆坦途牌轻型货车：由于转向装置存在问题，生产商不得不采取行动纠正这一错误。BackReadingAUnit6QualityA-Trans-33一个国家的消费者保护法对于产品召回通常都有具体的要求。这些法规涉及制造商应承担的损失、哪些情况下必须召回产品，以及制造商不召回产品所将面临的处罚。公司也会主动召回产品，但需要遵从上述相同的法规。一旦发现产品存在缺陷，供应商最好能主动召回产品。有效确保这些产品不在市场上流通也是最符合供应商利益的。BackReadingAUnit6QualityA-Trans-44消费者协会经常会进行产品检查并告知公众那些可能降低产品使用价值及安全性的缺陷。同时，个体消费者也可以利用一些平民化的手段让公众注意到一些企业的错误行为，比如写信到报社，发布有关产品缺陷的信息，这样在错误得不到更正时就可以威胁制造商的声誉。BackReadingAUnit6QualityA-Trans-55当某种产品明显可能造成人身伤害或危及消费者健康时，供应商应遵从必要的步骤召回产品以控制风险。产品召回可分为三个层面：批发商、零售商及单个消费者。供应商在评估完产品在市场的流通情况后，就应该决定从哪个层面上召回产品。产品召回的层面取决于其在市场的渗透情况。从单个消费者层面召回产品最为严重，涉及范围