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语法填空专项训练---介词介词是高考中的一个重要考点,在连续两年的高考中都有两空是专门考查介词的,占语法填空的五分之一。该题要求“在空格处填入一个适当的词”的限定,所以我们要重点关注简单介词(一个单词的介词),主要考点有:1.表示时间介词有:at,in,on表示时间点和时间段by不迟于,到……时为止after在……之后before在……之前since自从……for表示一段时间;during在……期间within在……期间,不超过throughout贯穿……期间over在……期间,过完一段时间from…to…从……到until/till直到between在……之间2.表示方位的介词有:into进入;outof从……出来;along沿着;(a)round围饶着或在……的各处;down沿……而下;up沿……而上;from从;off从……离开或下来;at朝着或向着;for到……去;to到或向;towards向或朝着;at在某一点或在(某物)旁;in在某一范围内;on在某物的表面上;above在……的上头或高出;below在…下面或低于;among在(多者)之中;between在(两者)之间;around在……周围;inside在……的里面;outside在……的外面;before在……之前;behind在……的后面;over在……的上方或上面;under在……的下面或下方;beside/by在……的旁边;near在……的附近;beyond在……的那一边,远于,超过(某事物的范围);across在……的对面或那一边;against靠着;across从一边到另一边;by/past从某人或某物的旁边经过;over从某人或某物的上空经过;through从某事物的里面经过。3.表示原因的介词有becauseof,owingto,dueto,for,with,at(常放在表示情感变化后的动词、形容词或名词后表示原因,相当于“听到或看到”)等。4.表示方式、方法或手段的介词有by乘、坐、骑(接交通工具),靠、通过;in用(某种语言或材料,如墨水等);with用(具体的工具),和……一起;through通过(实践或书本)等。5.表示“除……外”的介词有except,besides,but,exceptfor等。6.表示“数量”的about(大约),around(大约),over(超过)等;表示“关于”的on,about等;表示“所属”“部分与整体关系”的of;表示(增加/减少,相差,高出等的)程度的by;以及as(当作,作为),like(像…一样)等。7.能接复合宾语的介词有with和without。8.短语中的介词。如“动词+介词”短语,如lookafter,carefor,congratulationson等;“动词+副词+介词”短语,如catchupwith,getonwith,workhardat,dowellin等;“动词+名词+介词”takeareof,takenoticeof等;“名词+介词”,如effecton等。解题技巧:1.什么情况下可能是填介词?我们首先必须知道两点:(1)介词必须要接宾语,其宾语可以是名词、代词、动名词,或者what从句;(2)名词、代词或动名词在句中通常作主语、动词的宾语、介词的宾语。因此,我们在解答语法填空时,若空格后是名词、代词或动名词时,且他们不是在句中作主语,也不是在动词后作宾语时,这个格空就很可能是填介词。2.应该填哪个介词?在判断可能填介词之后,要根据具体的语境来确定填哪个介词,特别是根据空格所在句子的意思来选择一个恰当的介词。另外,以下几条思路对解题非常有用:(1)由介词短语与谓语的逻辑关系来确定。2008年广东高考36题,“感到累了”应当是“干活一整天之后”,故填after。(2)由所处句型的特殊需要来确定。如2008年广东高考31题,这是一个therebe句型,该句型一般是表示“在某个地点存在某人或某物”;可见“_______theseproverbs”应当是表示地点的;不难得知“有趣故事”应当是在“这些成语的背后”,故填behind。(3)由特殊的结构关系来确定。如能接复合宾语(宾语+宾补)的介词只能是with或without。(4)考虑介词(空格)与前面的动词或名词之间的搭配关系,或者介词(空格)与后面名词之间的搭配关系来确定具体要填的介词。[例1]ChineseproverbsarerichandtheyarestillwidelyusedinChinesepeople’sdailylife._____theseproverbsthereareofteninterestingstories.(广东)分析:因theseproverbs是名词,且不是作主语、宾语、表语等,前面很可能是填介词;句意是“在中国的这些成语故事的背后常常有有趣的故事”,表示“在……背后”,用介词behind。[例2]Hewasverytired_______doingthisforawholeday...分析:累了必定是在干了一整天活之后,故填after;另外,表示“因……而累”,betiredfrom也是固定短语,故也可填from。[例3]…thevillagerswhohadgatheredaroundmewerearguingastowhoshouldhavethehonourofreceivingme______aguestintheirhouse.分析:句意是“把我们作为客人接待”,表示“当作,作为”用介词as。[例4]Iwantedtorewardtheoldwoman______thetroubleIhadcausedher.分析:句意是“我想酬谢我们给她造成了麻烦的那个年迈的妇女。”表示“因……而酬谢/报答某人”,是rewardsb.forsth.,即用for引出原因,故填for。类似的表达还有:thanksb.forsth.;praisesb.forsth.;punishsb.forsth.等。一、单句填空:用适当的介词填空。1.Fredenteredwithoutknockingand,veryoutofbreath,sank______achair.(安徽)2.Ifyoureallyhavetoleaveduringthemeeting,you’dbetterleave______thebackdoor.(北京)3.Agreatmanshowshisgreatness______thewayhetreatslittlemen.(福建)4.Youhavenoideahowshefinishedtherelayrace______herfootwoundedsomuch.(福建)5.IlikeMr.Miner’sspeech;itwasclearand___________thepoint.(辽宁)6.Let’slearntousetheproblemwearefacing______astepping-stonetofuturesuccess.(宁夏)7.ModernequipmentandnosmokingaretwoofthethingsIlike______workinghere.(全国Ⅱ)8.Ibegantofeel_________homeinthenewschoolwhenIsawsomefamiliarfaces.(山东)9.Elizabethhasalreadyachievedsuccess______herwildestdreams.(陕西)10.Everythingwasperfectforthepicnicexcept_________theweather.(浙江)11.Thisisajuniorschool.Youshouldgotoaseniorschool______girlsofyourage.(北京)12.Although_________myopinion,theoldprofessordidn’tcomeupwithhisown.(福建)13.______thesilenceofthepauses,wecouldheareachother’sbreathingandcouldalmosthearourownheartbeats.(湖南)14.Scientistsareconvinced______thepositiveeffectoflaughter______physicalandmentalhealth.(江西)15.Expertshavebeenwarning______sometimeofthehealthriskscausedbypassivesmoking.(江西)16.Themanagersuggestedanearlierdate______themeeting.(全国I)17.Somepeoplechoosejobsforotherreasons_________moneythesedays.(全国II)18.Somestudentsoftenlistentomusic______classestorefreshthemselves.(四川)19.Theopen-aircelebrationhasbeenputoffbecause______thebadweather.(浙江)20.Sorry,Madam.You’dbettercometomorrowbecauseit’s_________thevisitinghours.(福建)21.It’squite__________mewhysuchthingshavebeenallowedtohappen.(安徽)22.—It’satopsecret.—Yes,Isee.Iwillkeepthesecret________youandme.(上海)23.Peoplehavealwaysbeencurious______howlivingthingsontheearthexactlybegan.(辽宁)24.Aftertheearthquake,theinjuredwerecared______inthelocalhospitalsortakentothehospitalsintheneighboringcities.(江西)25.Iwouldlikeajobwhichpaysmore,but______theotherhandIenjoytheworkI’mdoingatthemoment.(浙江)26.Moreandmoreyoungpeoplearefond__________playingtennisnowadays.(上海)27.Leaveyourkeywithaneighbor______caseyoulockyourselfoutoneday.(北京)28.Villagersheredependonthefishingindustry,__________whichtherewon’tbemuchwork.(上海)29.Formanycitiesintheworld,thereisnoroomtospreadourfurther,______whichNewYorkisanexample.(四川)30.Bynineo’clock,alltheOlympictorchbearershadreachedthetopofMountQomolangma,_________whichappearedararerainbowsoon.(福建)31.Thebookwaswrittenin1946,______whentheeducationsystemhaswitnessedgreatcharges.(山东)32.Hewaseducatedatthelocalhighschool,______whichhewentontoBeijingUniversity.(江苏)33.Human
本文标题:语法填空专项训练---介词
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