小学英语-现在完成时

-1-现在完成时一、现在完成时的用法1.过去发生或已完成的某动作对现在造成的影响或结果。1）Ihavefinishedmyhomework.我做完家庭作业了。（过去某时开始做，到现在已完成）2）Hehasalreadycome他已经来了。（过去某时开始离开某地到这来，现在已在这。）2.表示动作发生在过去并延续到现在,有可能继续延续下去。如：1）IhavestudiedEnglishforsixyears.我已经学了六年英语了。（六年前开始学英语，一直学到现在,也可能继续学也可能就此不学了。）2）IhavelivedinShenyangsince1990.我从1990年就在沈阳住。（从1990年开始住在沈阳一直住到现在，也可能继续住也可能就此为止。）二、现在完成时的结构1）肯定式：主语+have/has+过去分词2）否定式:主语+have/has+not+过去分词3）一般疑问式Have/Has+主语+过去分词4）特殊疑问式特殊疑问词+have/has+主语+过去分词三、现在完成时的时间状语现在完成时常用的时间状语包括“already,yet,ever,etc”。-2-例如：Wehavelearnedabout3000Englishwordsbytheendofthisterm.到上学期末我们已经学了3000个英语单词。注意：1)当表示一段时间，现在完成时可以用for或since引导的状语。例如：I’veknownLiLifor4years.我认识丽丽已经4年了。Ihaveworkedheresince8yearsago.自从8年前我就在这工作。2)当在肯定陈述句中含有already或just时，在转换成否定句时，要把句中的already或just去掉，在句末加上yet.。例如：Ihavealreadyseenthefilm.------Ihaven’tseenthefilmyet.Hehasjustcome.------Hehasn’tcomeyet.四、使用时注意事项1.“have/hasgot”形式上是一种完成时，但和have/has为同一意思“有”。例如：Haveyougotpen-friends?Yes,Ihave.你有笔友吗？是的，我有。Hashegotalotofworktodo?No,hehasn’t.他有许多工作要做吗？不，他没有。2.have/hasgoneto、have/hasbeento和have/hasbeenin的区别。have/hasgoneto去了，在去某地的路上或在某地，人还未回来have/hasbeento曾经去过，人已经回来了-3-have/hasbeenin已经在，常与一段时间连用HehasbeentoShenyangbefore.他以前曾去过沈阳。HehasbeeninShenyangfortenyears.他在沈阳10年了。HashegonetoShenyang?他去沈阳了吗？3.have/hasbeento常和once,twice,never,ever连用；have/hasgoneto则不可。例如:─HasTomeverbeentoParis?汤姆去过巴黎吗？─Yes,he’sbeentheremanytimes.是的，他去过好几次了。─Wherehavetheygone?他们去哪里了？─They’vegonetoShenyang.他们去沈阳了。4．非延续性动词(或称作终止性动词)不能用“现在完成时+表示一段时间的状语”的句型中。这类动词有：come,go,start,leave,die,buy,finish,join,borrow,stop等。但它们能够用表示持续状态的相应的延续性动词替换句中的终止性动词。arrive,come→behere,beinbuy→havebegin,start→beondie→bedeadgetup→beupleave,move→beaway；goout→beoutborrow→keepfinish/end→beoveropen→beopen-4-现在完成时练习：一、选择填空1.Kate’sneverseenChinesefilms，____?A.hasn’tsheB.hassheC.isn’tsheD.isshe2.-Mum,mayIgooutandplaybasketball?-______you______yourhomeworkyet?A.Do；finishB.Are；finishingC.Did；finishD.Have；finished3.HisbrotherhasbeentoStoneForesttwice______hecametoYunnan.A.afterB.beforeC.sinceD.for4.Tom______theCDplayerfortwoweeks.A.haslentB.hasborrowedC.hasboughtD.hashad5.I______aletterfromhimsinceheleft.A.didn’treceiveB.haven’tgotC.didn’thaveD.haven’theard6.-Haveyouever______Beijing?-Yes,Ihave.A.wenttoB.gonetoC.beeninD.beento7.Myparents______Shandongfortenyears.A.havebeeninB.havebeentoC.havegonetoD.havebeen8.Iwon’tgototheconcertbecauseI____myticket.A.lostB.don’tloseC.havelostD.iscoming-5-9.–WhereisMrLiu?-He________thelibrary.A.hasbeentoB.hasgonetoC.hasbeeninD.haswent10.WecametoShanghaithreeyearsago,sowe_______herefortwoyears.A.havebeentoB.havebeeninC.havebeenD.havegone11.-Howlong_______you_______yourexampaper?-Aboutthreemonths.A.did；buyB.have；getC.have；hadD.have；bought12.Hetellsmehe________Chinaforovereightyears.A.hasbeenB.hasbeeninC.hasbeentoD.hasgoneto13.Hisparents________formorethan3years.A.havecomehereB.havestartedtoworkC.havelivedthereD.havelefttheuniversity14．I_______aletterfromhimsinceheleft．A．didn'treceiveB．haven'tgotC．didn'thaveD．haven'theard15．—Wherehaveyou_______thesedays？—Ihave_______toDalianwithmyfriends．A．been；goneB．been；beenC．gone；beenD．gone；gone16．Howlonghaveyou_______thisbook？A．boughtB．borrowedC．hadD．lent17．—Where'sPeter？—He_______toNanjing．-6-A．isgoingB．hasbeenC．hasgoneD．went18．Wehavelivedhere_______fiveyearsago．A．whenB．sinceC．beforeD．after19．—Ihavewatchedthegame．—When_______you_______it？A．have；watchedB．do；watchC．did；watchD．will；watch20.MissBrown_______totheGreatWalltwice．A．havebeenB．hasbeenC．havegoneD．hasgone二．用动词的适当形式填空1.I___________already_________(see)thefilm.I_____________(see)itlastweek.2.—___________he___________(finish)hisworkyet?—Notyet.3.—___________you___________(be)toHongKong?—Yes,I____________(be)theretwice.4.—___________youever____________(eat)chocolate?—No,never.5.Myfather____________just___________(come)backfromwork.Heistirednow.6.—Where'sLiMing?—He___________(go)totheteacher'soffice.7.I____________(work)heresinceI___________(move)herein1999.8.—Howlong__________theWangs____________(stay)here?—For-7-twoweeks.三.句型转换(每空一词)1.IhavebeentoMacaubefore.(改为否定句)I____________beentoMacaubefore.2.Hehasn'tcometoschoolbecausehe'sill.(就划线部分提问)__________________hecometoschool?3.HehaslearnedEnglishfor5years.(就划线部分提问)_________________________________________learnedEnglish?4.Iboughtanewbikejustnow.(用just改写)I_______just__________anewbike.5.WebegantolearnEnglishthreeyearsago.(改为同义句)We______________________English_____________threeyears.四．填入has/havebeen或has/havegone.1.Harry：IsawyouinAnnabel'sRestaurantlastnight.Diana：No,itwasn'tme.I____________never__________there.2.Sam：SallyandTimareonholiday,aren'tthey?Where________they__________?Sue：ToFlorida,again.Sam：Howmanytimes________they___________there?-8-Sue：Thisistheirthirdvisit.3.Steve：CanIspeaktoJill,please?Lynn：She'sout,I'mafraid.She____________tothecinemathisevening.Steve：Again?She________already__________tothecinemathreetimesthisweek.五、用for或since填空。1.JillhasbeeninIreland______________Monday.2.JillhasbeeninIreland____________threedays.3.MyaunthaslivedinAustralia________15days.4.Margaretisinheroffic