高考语法填空(定语从句专项练习)

定语从句讲与练一、定语的概念：定语是用来修饰名词或代词的。比如：(先试试用横线划出下面短语中的定语，然后在后面的括号里注明是什么在作定语)abeautifulgirl（）threeboys（）ashoefactory（）Jim’sfather()ourteacher()themaninthecar（）themanstandingatthedoor（）themanwhoistalkingwithSam（）二、定语从句的概念及主要特征：1．定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词；定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后；引导定语从句的词叫关系词。请划出下列句子中的定语从句、先行词及关系代词：Themanwhoisshakinghandswithmyfatherisapoliceman.2.定语从句的主要特征：（1）先行词要在从句中充当一定的成分；（2）what永远不能引导定语从句；（3）翻译时先译从句，翻译成“…….的”三、定语从句的基本用法：定语从句的引导词关系代词关系副词指人指物who(主语、宾语)，whom(宾语)，that(主语、宾语),whose(定语)that(主语、宾语),which(主语、宾语)whose(定语)where(地点状语)when(时间状语)why(原因状语)（一）关系代词引导的定语从句1．who指人，在定语从句中作主语，有时也作宾语。TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.分析：关系词who在从句中作主语。Thosewhowanttogotothemuseummustbeattheschoolgateat7tomorrowmorning.分析：关系词__________在从句中作________。YesterdayIhelpedanoldmanwhohadlosthisway.分析：关系词_________在从句中作________。Thatistheteacherwhoteachesusphysics.分析：关系词__________在从句中作________。Youneedn’ttalktothepeoplewhoyoudon’tliketalkingto.分析：关系词______在从句中作________。2．whom指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略。MrLiuistheperson(whom)youtalkedaboutonthebus.分析：关系词_____在从句中作________。LiMingisjusttheboy(whom)Iwanttosee.分析：关系词__________在从句中作________。Theprofessor(whom)youarewaitingforhascome.你正在等的教授已经来了。分析：关系词__________在从句中作________。注意：关系代词whom在口语或非正式文体中常可用who来代替，也可省略。Theman(whom/who)youmetjustnowismyoldfriend.3.whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语。Ivisitedascientistwhosenameisknownalloverthecountry.分析：关系词____在从句中作________Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.译成汉语：_________________________________分析：关系词_________在从句中作________。Ilostthebookwhosecoverwasblue.分析：关系词_________在从句中作________。Weliveinahousewhosewindowsfacethesouth.译成汉语:_________________________注意：指物时，常用下列结构来代替：Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.＝Theclassroomthedoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.Doyoulikethebookwhosecoverisyellow?＝Doyoulikethebookthecoverofwhichisyellow?自己总结一下：在定语从句中，whose+名词＝___________________________4．which指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略。Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.分析：关系词__________在从句中作________。Thefactorywhichmakescomputersisfarawayfromhere.分析：关系词______在从句中作________。Helikestoreadbookswhicharewrittenbyforeignwriters.译成汉语:____________________分析：关系词__________在从句中作________。Thehousewhichisbythelakelooksnice.分析：关系词__________在从句中作________。Thisisthepen(which)heboughtyesterday.译成汉语：___________________________分析：关系词__________在从句中作________。Thefilm(which)theywenttoseelastnightwasnotinterestingatall.他们昨晚看的电影一点意思也没有。分析：关系词__________在从句中作________。5．that引导定语从句时，既可以指人，也可以指物。指人时，相当于who或whom；指物时，相当于which.。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。Thenumberofpeoplethat/whocometovisitthiscityeachyearreachesonemillion.每年来参观这座城市的人数达一百万。分析：关系词________在从句中作________。Whereisthemanthat/whomIsawthismorning?分析：关系词_________在从句中作________。Thepersonthat//youintroducedtomeisverykind.Theseasonthat/comesafterspringissummer.YesterdayIreceivedaletterthat/_______camefromAustralia.(二)关系副词引导的定语从句1．when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。常可以用in/on/atwhich代替。IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametothisschool.我仍然记得我第一次来到这所学校的那一天。分析：关系词__________在从句中作________。Thetimewhenwegottogetherfinallyarrived.我们团聚的时刻终于到了。分析：关系词__________在从句中作________。October1,1949wasthedaywhenthePeople’sRepublicofChinawasfounded.1949年10月1日是中华人民共和国成立的日子。把这个句子改成两个简单句：______________________________________________________________________________________分析：关系词__________在从句中作________。Doyouremembertheyearswhenhelivedinthecountrysidewithhisgrandparents.把这个句子改成两个简单句：______________________________________________________________________________________分析：关系词__________在从句中作________。2．where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。常可用in/on/atwhich代替。ShanghaiisthecitywhereIwasborn.把这个句子改成两个简单句：______________________________________________________________________________________分析：关系词__________在从句中作________。ThehousewhereIlivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown.把这个句子改成两个简单句：______________________________________________________________________________________分析：关系词________在从句中作________。Ivisitedthefarmwherealotofcowswereraised.分析：关系词__________在从句中作________。Isthistheplacewheretheyfoughtagainsttheenemy?分析：关系词_________在从句中作________。注意：当先行词是situation,occasion,point,case时，且又在从句中作状语时，常用where来引导定语从句。SometimesyouwillfindyourselfinasituationwhereyoufeltveryembarrassedHehasreachedapointwherenobodycancomparewithhim.3．why指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。常可用forwhich来代替。Pleasetellmethereasonwhyyoumissedtheplane.分析：关系词_________在从句中作________。Thereasonwhyhewaspunishedisunknowntous.译成汉语：____________________Idon’tknowthereasonwhyhelooksunhappytoday.译成汉语：____________________注意：关系副词引导的定语从句经常可以用“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句来表示。如：Iwillneverforgetthemomentwhen(=______________)theblindstudentsmovedus.Greatchangesaretakingplaceinthecitywhere(=______________)theylive.Thereasonwhy(=______________)herefusedtheinvitationisquiteclear.四、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句举例：Attributiveclause:限制性定语从句restrictive非限制性定语从句non-restrictive是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。这种从句和主句关系十分密切，写时不用逗号分开。和主句关系不很密切，只是对先行词作些附加说明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。这种从句，写时往往逗号分开。Iwastheonlypersonwhowasinvited.inmyofficeJenny,withwhomIplayedtabletennisyesterday,livesinmynextroom.Themanwhocamehereyesterdayhascomeagain.ThatisMr.Wang,whosed