基于AT89S52单片机的步进电机控制毕业论文

学号20080403301026密级××××本科毕业论文基于AT89S52单片机的步进电机控制院（系）名称：工学院专业名称：电气工程及其自动化学生姓名：××指导教师：××讲师二○一二年五月BACHELOR'SDEGREETHESISOF××××ThesteppingmotorcontrolbasedonAT89S52SCMCollege:EngineeringCollegeSubject:ElectricalengineeringandautomationName:××Directedby:××teacherMay2012郑重声明本人声明所呈交的学位论文，是本人在导师的指导下，独立进行研究工作所取得的成果，所有数据、图片资料真实可靠。尽我所知，除文中已经注明引用的内容外，本学位论文的研究成果不包含他人享有著作权的内容。对本论文所涉及的研究工作做出贡献的其他个人和集体，均已在文中以明确的方式标明。本学位论文的知识产权归属于培养单位。本人签名：日期：I摘要电动机控制是工业自动化进程中一个相当重要的组成部分，随着工业自动控制对电动机控制产品需求的不断增加，现代电动机控制技术也变得越来越重要，基于单片机的控制已经广泛用于电机控制领域。而步进电机已成为除直流电机和交流电机以外的第三类电动机。传统电动机作为机电能量转换装置，在人类的生活和生产进入电气化过程中起着关键的作用。可是在人类社会进入电气化时代的今天，传统电动机已不能满足工业自动化和办公自动化等各种运动控制系统的要求。如今发展一系列具有控制功能的电机系统，有其自己特点，且应用十分广泛的就是步进电机。步进电机的发展与计算机工业密切相关。自从步进电机在计算机外围设备上取代小型直流电动机以后，其设备的性能提高，很快地促进了步进电机的发展。针对步进电机的应用，以及基于单片机步进电机控制的设计，本文介绍了单片机控制步进电机的系统。在电气时代的今天，电动机一直在现代化的生产和生活中起着十分重要的作用。步进电机是机电控制中一种常用的执行机构,其原理是通过对它每相线圈中的电流和顺序切换来使电机作步进式旋转。本设计的硬件组成主要有：51系列单片机、ULN2003驱动器等。关键词：AT89S52单片机控制；步进电机；直流电机；系统设计原理IIABSTRACTMotorcontrolisaveryimportantpartofthemotorasindustrialautomationcontrolproducts.Forthegrowingdemandofthecontrolproducts,themodernmotorcontroltechnologyisalsobecomingmoreandmoreimportant.Thecontrolbasedonsinglechiphasbeenwidelyusedinmotorcontrolareas.ThesteppermotorshavebecomethethirdcategorybesidetheDCandACmotor.Traditionalelectromechanicalenergyconversiondevicemotorplaysakeyroleasinhumanlifeandproductionintotheelectrificationprocess.However,electrificationofthehumansocietyenteredtheera,thetraditionalmotorscannotfulfilltheindustrialautomationandofficeautomationandothermotioncontrolsystems.Withthedevelopmentofaseriesofnewmotorcontrolsystem,whichhasitsowncharacteristicsover,andiswidelyusedisthesteppermotor.Thedevelopmentofthesteppermotorandcomputerindustriesarecloselyrelated.SincethesteppermotortoreplacethecomputerperipheralsaftersmallDCmotors,toimprovetheperformanceofitsequipment,andsoontopromotethedevelopmentofthesteppermotor.Fortheapplicationsofsteppermotorandthecontrolbasedonsinglechipdesign,Thispaper,weintroducesasteppermotorsystemwhichcontrolledbySCM.IntheElectricaleratoday,Motorhasbeenplayingaveryimportantroleinthemodernizationofproductionandlife.Steppermotorisacommonusedimplementingagencyinmotorcontrol.Theprincipleisbyswitchingthecoilcurrentandtheorderinitseachphasetomakeastep-by-steprotarymotor.Thehardwareofthesystemincluding:51seriesSCM,ULN2003drivingcircuit,etc.Keywords:：AT89S52SCMcontrol；Steppingmotor；DCmotor；Designprincipleofthesystem目录摘要................................................................................................................................ⅠABSTRACT..................................................................................................................II第1章绪论.................................................................................................................11.1单片机的发展及应用........................................................................................11.2步进电机的发展状况........................................................................................21.3本文的设计意义和主要内容............................................................................3第2章基于AT89S52单片机的步进电机控制系统......................................42.1基于AT89S52单片机的控制步进电机的控制...............................................42.2主控芯片的选择................................................................................................52.3AT89S52单片机的特点.....................................................................................52.4步进电机的特点及工作原理............................................................................72.5单片机对步进电机的控制方法........................................................................9第3章步进电机控制系统硬件设计.................................................................113.1系统硬件主电路...............................................................................................113.2+5V电源电路设计...........................................................................................113.3复位电路及晶振电路......................................................................................123.3.1复位电路...............................................................................................123.3.2晶振电路...............................................................................................133.4按键功能..........................................................................................................133.5ULN2003驱动电路..........................................................................................14第4章步进电机控制系统软件设计.................................................................174.1软件程序设计流程..........................................................................................174.2激磁方式..........................................................................................................174.3步进电机驱动流程..........................................................................................18第5章总结和展望.................................................................................................20参考文献....................................