原创高考非谓语动词用法总结

L/O/G/O非谓语动词petersogood精析：forthework指出动作逻辑主语，和finish之间是被动关系，所以答案D。高考链接(2001上海)A.havinghungB.hangingC.hangsD.beinghanged解析：本题考查过去分词作定语的用法。分析题目可知，谓语是ispainted，那么选项部分应是充当定语的。B项是现在分词的一般式，相当于定语从句whichishanging。答案B。高考链接一、-ing/to作主语TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.1.对他说话等于对牛弹琴。___________tohimistalkingtoawall.2.吸烟会致癌。___________maycausecancer.3.眼见为实。Seeingisbelieving.Toseeistobelieve.TalkingSmoking形式作主语的句型有：1.It+be+awasteoftimedoing做…是浪费时间的2.Itis/wasnogood/use/uselessdoing做…是没用的3.Itis/wasworthdoing做……值得的4.Thereis/wasnothingworsethandoing没有比……更糟的5.Thereis/wasnopointdoing做…无意义6.Itisfundoing做…非常有趣例如：和Tom争辩是没有什么用的。__________________________withTom．Itisuselesstryingtoargue注意1：it作形式主语情况：-ing和to做主语区别1.动名词表示的动作通常是一个泛指的动作或已知、完成的事或者经验，不定式则通常表示具体的动作，未完成的事或目的。如：1)她觉得探视病人是一种责任，也是一种愉悦。Shefeltthat_____________________wasadutyandapleasure．2)到美国人家里做客对我来说将是一个极好的经历。_______________inanAmericanhomewillbeagoodexperienceforme.visitingsickpeopleTobeaguest•2.逻辑主语形式不同：•1)我姐姐病了，使我很担心。•Mysister'sbeingillmadeweworried.•2)对我们来说学习数学太难了。Itisdifficultforustolearnmaths.注意2：-ing和to做主语区别二、doing/todo做宾语①只能后接动名词作宾语的动词，常见的有avoid，consider，enjoy，keep，finish，suggest，cannothelp，imagine，mind，practise，cannotstand，fancy，feellike，admit,deny,allow,involve等e.g.我正考虑搬家到北京呢。Iamconsidering__________toBeijing.moving二、doing/todo做宾语•②常用动词不定式作宾语的动词常考的有：•hope,refuse,setout，manage,pretend,plan,afford,expect，determine,promise,arrange,decide,want,wish，demand，aim,ask,seem,appear，agree,volunteer,happen,choose,bother,fail,threaten等1.Theworkersdemandedtogetbetterpay.2.你安排好这周末见马克了吗？_____________________________Markthisweekend?Haveyouarrangedtomeet③既可接动名词又可接不定式作宾语的动词，常见的有：A．在like，love，hate，prefer等动词之后，用-ing或todo差别不大B．在begin/start，continue之后，用动名词和不定式，意义无区别，尤其是当主语是人的时候。二、doing/todo做宾语•C．在动词forget，remember，regret之后，用动名词与不定式意义不同。ing表示做过，todo表示没有做•D．在try，mean之后，意义各不相同，如trytodo(试图，设法)，trydoing(试试)，meantodo(打算，有意要做)，meandoing(意思是，意味着),goondoing(继续未完之事)，goontodo(继续另外的事)。二、doing/todo做宾语–ing做介词宾语•We’vegottothinkofwaysofchangingpeople’shabits.•Onhearingthenews,heleftimmediately.注意：下列短语中的to都是介词，所以后面跟名词或-ing形式：devoteto，objectto，payattentionto，getdownto，leadto,lookforwardto，stickto，beusedto，adaptto,adjustto,beaccustomedto•Ihavenoideaabouthowtodoit.•Idon’tknowwhattoexpectinthefuture.•注意：it作形式宾语情况•Ifinditdifficulttounderstandhim.•Wethoughtitwrongnottohelpher.注意2.WH+todo做宾语注意：不定式用在介词but,except,后作宾语时,如果这些介词前有行为动词do的各种形式,那么介词后的不定式不带to,相反则带to.(1).Shecoulddonothingbutcry.(2).Ihavenochoicebuttogo.：be+adj.+todo做宾语•be+afraid,sure,determined,willing,eager,anxious,ready等构成的谓语后可加不定式todo做宾语•Iamsuretofinishtheworkontime.•Iamdeterminedtogiveupsmoking.注意：情感形容词+todo，一般是原因状语e.g.Iamhappytohelpyou.•1.-ing作表语时主语往往是事，表性质。Herhobbyispainting.Theresultisreallypleasing.•2.-ed作表语，表状态Shewasverypleasedwiththeresult.Thecupwasbroken.•3.主语常常是表意向，打算，计划的词。如wish,idea,task,purpose,duty,dream,aim等.常用todo做表语。Myaimistohelpthepoor.三、-ing/todo/-ed形式作表语四、ing/todo/-ed形式作定语用法•1.动名词做定语表作用或功能，分词表被修饰者的动作或状态•drinkingwater=waterfordrinking•tiringmusic=musicthatistiring•Theinjuredboy=theboywhoisinjured•2.常考的不定式作定语的词有way,ability,chance,ambition,anxiety,attempt,belief或者由only,last,next,序数词和adj.最高级•Hehasanambitiontobeapilot.•Heisthefirsttocomeandthelasttoleave.（todo与主语必须是主谓关系，被动用-ed）注意区别•1.Thebuildingtobebuiltnextyearisourteachingbuilding.•2.Thebuildingbuiltlastyearisourteachingbuilding.•3.Thebuildingbeingbuiltnowisourteachingbuilding.形式作宾语补足语，表主动、进行Theyheardhimsinginginthenextroom.2.–ed作宾补，通常表被动与完成Withtheworkfinished,wewentbackhome.3.todo表示过程，或者将来Wesawhimgoupstairs.Withalotofworktodo,Ican’tleave.五、非谓语动词作宾语补足语•1）with+宾语+doingWithhismotherhelpinghim,hefinishedtheworkedsoon.•2)表示感觉和心理状态的动词，常见的有see,hear,feel,smell,find,notice,observe,lookat,listento等。如：Wesawalightburninginthewindow.非谓语动词作宾补的情况’thaveyoudoingthat.I’msorrytohavekeptyouwaiting.Ican’tgettheclockgoingagain.Youwon’tcatchmedoingthatagain.Don’tleavehimplayingalone.3)表示指使意义的动词，常见的有have,keep,get,catch,leave等。如：归纳：(3)表示“_____________”等意义的词，如：_______________________等4.）希望，愿望或要求want,wish,like,expect,orderA.Hewon’tlikesuchquestionsdiscussedatthemeeting.B.Heorderedthiswork(tobe)finishedbytomorrow.C.Theywishabridgebuiltintheirhometownoneday.六、非谓语动词作状语1.todo作目的状语•Icameheretoseeyou.•Tocatchthefirsttrain,Hegotupveryearly.2.todo/-ing作结果状语•Irushedtothestation,onlytofindthetrainhadalreadygone.(出人意料的结果)•Tomisoldenoughtotakecareofhimself.•Hediedlastyear,leavinghissonaloneintheworld.(自然发生的结果)