24高中语法_非谓语动词_讲解及配套练习

Grammar非谓语动词谓语：说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。它有人称、数、时态和语态的变化。e.g.Heworks.Hetakescareofthebaby.HewillgotoShanghai.Hedidn’tgotoShanghai.HehasgonetoShanghai.Youarestudents.Youlooksmart.单谓语或动词短语情态动词/助动词+v.系动词+表语非谓语：无人称，数的变化，不单独作谓语，但保留动词特点，可以有宾语或状语。e.g.Heworks.Hewantstoworkhere.Heisworkingnow.Hehasdonehiswork.一、不定式与动名词做主语：1.动名词做主语往往表示泛指的、一般的行为;不定式做主语常表示某次具体的行为或将来的动作。e.g.Climbingmountainsisgreatfun.爬山很有趣。TovisitChinaismynextgoal.2.不定式做主语，一般用it当形式主语，把作主语的不定式短语后置。e.g.Ittookmeonlyfiveminutestofinishthejob.3.动名词作主语有时用it作形式主语，把动名词置于句尾。常见于以下句型中：It’suse/good/fun…It’suseful/nice/useless…e.gIt’sniceseeingyouagain.二、不定式与动名词做宾语：1.下列动词后常跟不定式做宾语：want,wish,hope,expect,ask,afford,agree,choose,pretend,decide,happen,learn,offer,refuse,fail,plan,prepare,order,manage,promise,intend等。e.g.Heagreedtogetsomeonetohelpus.Theypromisednottobreaktheschoolrulesagain.二、不定式与动名词做宾语：2.在下列动词或动词短语后常用动名词做宾语：admit,advise,allow,avoid,bear,cannothelp,consider,delay,enjoy,finish,giveup,imagine.include,keep,keepon,mind,miss,putoff,permit,practice,resist,risk,suggest,stand,insiston,bebusy,beworth,feellike,can’tstand,thinkof,dreamof,befondof,prevent…(from),keep…from,stop…(from),protect…from,beengagedin,spend…(in),succeedin,admitto,be/get/becomeusedto,beequalto,devote…to,getdownto,lookforwardto,objectto,stickto,taketo,seeto,leadto,payattentionto等。二、不定式与动名词做宾语：3.有些动词既能以不定式作宾语，又能以动名词作宾语。两者意思基本相同，如：begin,start,like,hate,continue,prefer等。但有些动词两种形式意思有很大的差别，此类动词主要有：forget,remember,stop,regret,try,mean,can’thelp等。●remember(forget)todosth.记住（忘记）要做某事remember(forget)doingsth.记得（忘记）过去曾经做过某事●regrettodosth.对现在要发生的事表示“抱歉、遗憾”regretdoingsth.对已经发生的事表示后悔二、不定式与动名词做宾语：●stoptodosth.停下来去做某事stopdoingsth.停止做某事●trytodosth.设法…，想法…，试图…trydoingsth.试一试，试试看●meantodosth.打算…，想要…，有…的意图meandoingsth.意味着，意思是，●can’thelptodosth.不能帮忙做某事can’thelpdoingsth.禁不住做某事二、不定式与动名词做宾语：1.Hegaveussomeadviceonhow____English.A.learningB.learnedC.tolearnD.learn4.Iforgot_____mynamewhenIfinished____thecomposition.A.tosign,towritingB.tosign,writingC.signing,writing5.---Youwerebraveenoughtoraisedobjectionsatthemeeting.---Well,nowIregret____that.A.todoB.tobedoingC.tohavedoneD.havingdone6.Shecan’thelp____thehousebecauseshe’sbusymakingacake.A.tocleanB.cleaningC.cleanedD.beingcleaned三、不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词做表语1.表示一定的概念，具有名词的性质时，不定式和动名词可以互换。e.g.Myhobbyiscollecting/tocollectancientcoins.2.若表示具体的、个别的动作或有将来含义时，一般用不定式。e.g.Mywishistofindapart-timejobthissummer.3.现在分词和过去分词作表语具有形容词特征,也可以作为形容词。但要注意二者的区别e.g.Thepartywasveryexciting.Theywereveryexcitedatthenews．1.Herwishis__________anengineer.A.becomingB.becomeC.tobecomeD.beingcome2.Somepeople’sgreatestpleasureis__________.A.fishingB.tofishC.tobefishingD.beingfish3.Thereportwasso_______thattheywereall__________.A.inspiring,excitingB.inspiring,excitedC.inspired,excitedD.inspired,exciting4.---“Youlookpale.”---“Ifeelalittle__________.”A.tireB.tiredC.tiringD.tiresome四、不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词做定语1.不定式做定语放在所修饰的名词后，表示未发生的动作或通常发生的某一动作。e.g.ThetraintoarriveisfromLondon．Heisalwaysthefirsttocomeandthelasttoleave.2.动名词做定语往往说明所修饰词的某种用途，一般放在被修饰词的前面。e.g.awashingmachine（动名词做定语，=amachinewhichisusedforwashing）洗衣机areadingroom（动名词做定语，=aroomwhichisusedforreading）阅览室3.现在分词作定语表示主动、正在进行的动作。过去分词作定语则表示被动、或完成的意义。单个分词或形容词性的分词作定语往往放在被修饰词的前面；分词短语作定语多置于被修饰词后面。e.g.therisingsun（现在分词做定语，=thesunwhichisrising）正在升起的太阳thechangingworld（现在分词做定语，=theworldwhichischanging）变化中的世界amovingmovie感人的电影excitedvoice激动的声音（形容词性分词作定语）fallenleaves落叶abrokencup一个破了的杯子（过去分词作定语则表示被动、或完成）1.Shesaidshehadaimportantmeeting______.A.toattendinB.toattendC.attendD.attending2.Heisalwaysthefirst______questions.A.toanswerB.answeringC.tobeansweredD.beinganswered3.TheOlympicGames_______intheyear2012willbeagreatsuccess.A.beingheldB.tobeheldC.heldD.tohold4.Thefirsttextbooks____forteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguagecameoutinthe16thcentury.A.havingwrittenB.tobewrittenC.beingwrittenD.written5.Atpresent,Englishisthemainsubject___________here.A.tobetaughtB.beingtaughtC.teachingD.tobeteaching6.---Whoarethosepeoplewiththebanner?---Agroup_______itselftheLeagueforpeace.A.callingB.callsC.calledD.iscalled7.Thepen__________belongstome.A.whichitisonthetableB.lyingonthetableC.isonthetableD.whichonthetable五、不定式、现在分词、过去分词做补足语1.在“动词+宾语+不定式”结构中，不定式作宾语补足语，“宾语+不定式”构成了复合宾语。有些动词要求不定式不带to，有些要求必须带to，还有的带与不带都可以。●以下动词后常跟带符号to的不定式做宾语补足语：ask,tell,want,wish,order,persuade,advise,allow,warn,encourage,cause,require等。e.g.Thedoctoradvisedhimtostayinbedforanotherfewdays.Wewishhimtoremainandacceptthepost.我们希望他留下来接受这个职位。●有些感官动词和使役动词，如see,watch,hear,feel,notice,observe,lookat,listento,let,have,make,keep,get等后常跟不带符号to的不定式做宾语补足语，常表示动作的整个过程。e.g.Wenoticedhimenterthehouse.我们留意到他进了那所房子。Thebossmadethemworktwelvehoursaday.老板让他们一天干12小时工作。1.ThedoctoradvisedLaoLi__________morerest.A.thathegetB.togetC.wouldgetD.get2.Soontheysawtheboy_________inthecrowd.A.disappearB.todisappearC.disappearsD.disappeared3.Birdsareseldomheard__________atnight.A.singB.singingC.tosingD.tobesinging2.现在分词做补足语分两种情况：●形容词性质的现在分词作补足语：e.g.Ifindthebookveryinteresting.我发现这本书非常有趣。（宾语补足语）Theboyisfoundveryannoying.发现这个小男孩很令人讨厌。（主语补足语）●动词性质的现在分词作补足语：感官动词和使役动词，如