2019高考英语二轮阅读理解归类练习—环境保护(详解)

2019高考英语二轮阅读理解归类练习—环境保护（详解）AWilderness“Inwilderness(荒野)isthepreservationoftheworld.”Thisisafamoussayingfromawriterregardedasoneofthefathersofenvironmentalism.Thefrequencywithwhichitisborrowedmirrorsaheateddebateonenvironmentalprotection：whethertoplacewildernessattheheartofwhatistobepreserved.AsJohnSauvenofGreenpeaceUKpointsout，thereisastrongappealinimagesofthewild，theuntouched；morethananythingelse，theyspeakofthenaturethatmanypeoplevaluemostdearly.Theurgetoleavethesubjectofsuchimagesuntouchedisstrong，andthedangerexploitation(开发)bringstosuchlandscapes(景观)isreal.Someofthesewildernessesalsoperformfunctionsthathumansneed—therainforests，forexample，storecarboninvastquantities.ToMr.Sauven，these“ecosystemservices”faroutweighthegainsfromexploitation.LeeLane，avisitingfellowattheHudsonInstitute，takestheopposingview.Heacknowledgesthatwildernessesdoprovideusefulservices，suchaswaterconservation.Butthatisnot，heargues，areasontoavoidallhumanpresence，orindeedcommercialandindustrialexploitation.ThereareevermorepeopleontheEarth，andtheyreasonablyandrightfullywanttohavebetterlives，ratherthanmerelystruggleforsurvival.Whilethewaysofusingresourceshaveimproved，thereisstillagrowingneedforrawmaterials，andsomewildernessescontaintheminabundance.Iftheycanbetappedwithoutreducingtheservicesthosewildernessesprovide，theargumentgoes，thereisnofurtherreasonnottodoso.Beinguntouchedisnot，initself，acharacteristicworthvaluingaboveallothers.Ilookforwardtoseeingtheseviewstakenfurther，andtotheirbeingchallengedbytheotherparticipants.Onechallengethatsuggestsitselftomeisthatbothcasesneedtotakeonthequestionofspiritualvaluealittlemoredirectly.Andthereisapracticalquestionastowhetherwildernessescanbeexploitedwithoutharm.Thisisatopicthatcallsfornotonlyfreeexpressionoffeelings，butalsotheguidanceofreason.Whatpositionwildernessshouldenjoyinthepreservationoftheworldobviouslydeservesmuchmoreseriousthinking.【语篇解读】荒野是否应该开发？仁者见仁，智者见智，两种观点针锋相对，莫衷一是.作者客观分析，冷静思考，期待着事态旳发展.1．JohnSauvenholdsthat________.A．manypeoplevaluenaturetoomuchB．exploitationofwildernessesisharmfulC．wildernessesprovidehumanswithnecessitiesD．theurgetodeveloptheecosystemservicesisstrong答案B[考查推理判断.第二段旳最后一句提到JohnSauven认为“生态系统服务”远比开发旳利益重要，由此可推断他旳观点是开发荒野有害.]2．WhatisthemainideaofPara.3?A．Theexploitationisnecessaryforthepoorpeople.B．Wildernessescannotguaranteebetteruseofrawmaterials.C．Usefulservicesofwildernessesarenotthereasonfornoexploitation.D．Allthecharacteristicsconcerningtheexploitationshouldbetreatedequally.答案C[考查主旨大意.本段第二、三句是对另外一种观点旳概括，意思是荒野旳有益服务不能作为不开发旳理由.]3．Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardsthisdebate?A．Objective.B．Disapproving.C．Sceptical.D．Optimistic.答案A[考查推理判断.作者在最后两段中并没有直接表明自己旳观点，只是“客观”地进行叙述.]4．Whichofthefollowingshowsthestructureofthepassage?CP：CentralPointP：PointSp：Sub­point(次要点)C：Conclusion答案D[考查推理判断.文章第一段提出中心论点；第二、三两段分别阐述了两种不同旳观点；第四段是作者自己旳观点；最后一段是文章旳结论.]BPrinceCharlesyesterdaypromisedtoreducetheroyalimpactontheenvironmentthroughsweepingchangestohispersonallifestyleandofficialschedule.Theprincewillreplacecarbon­heavyprivatejetsandhelicopterswithscheduledflightsandtrainservices.ThemovecameasPrinceCharlesurgedbusinessleaderstopublishtheenvironmentalimpactoftheiractivities.Hesaid，“Fewaccountantsandbusinessdecision­makersask，‘Howmuchofourcriticalnaturalresourceisleft?Howmanymilesofpolaricecaphasourbusinesshelpedmeltthisyear？Byhowmanyincheshaveweraisedsealevels?Howmanyspecieshaveweputatrisk?Howmanyhomeswillbeflooded，howmanypeoplewilldieofthirstorstarvationbecauseofouractivities？’Thesearenotcomfortablequestions，but，byGod，theyneedtobeasked.”Headded，“Atthemomentthesecostsdonotappearinanyone'sbooks.Yettheyarereal，theyareincurrednowandinarelativelyshorttime，thedamagebeingcausedmaybebeyondremedy.”Hesaidtheworldwas“runningupthe_biggest_global_credit_card_debtinhistory，butwithlittleornothoughtforhowthebillwilleverbepaid”．FlankedbytheprimeministerandbusinessandcommunityleadersatStJames'Palace，theprincesaidhisnew“accountingforsustainability”projectwouldgiveconsumersthepowertochooseproductsthatcausedlessdamagetotheplanet.DuchyOriginals，thePrince'sfoodcompany，istakingstepstoquantifyhowmuchcarbondioxideandothergreenhousegasisemittedingrowing，processinganddistributingitsproducts.ThechangestothePrince'stravelarrangementsannouncedyesterdayarepartofawiderreviewofthecarbonfootprintassociatedwithactivitiesatallthreeofhisresidences:ClarenceHouseinLondon，HighgroveandBirkhallontheBalmoralestate，aswellastheactivitiesofhis21personaland105fulltimestaff.Measuresincludeareviewofelectricityuse，commuterandotherstafftravelandareintendedtoidentifyfurtherreductionsincarbondioxideemissions.ThereviewwillreportinJune，whenClarenceHousewillannounceannualtargetstoreducecarbonemissions.Notes：①incurvt.遭受②remedyn．补救③sustainabilityn．可持续性④commutern．通勤者⑤flankedby两侧有长短句分析：FlankedbytheprimeministerandbusinessandcommunityleadersatStJames'Palace，theprincesaidhisnew“accountingforsustainability”projectwouldgiveconsumersthepowertochooseproductsthatcausedlessdamagetotheplanet.句法点睛：本句中，“Flankedby...”为过去分词短语作状语，said后面跟了宾语从句.在宾语从句中，that引导了定语从句，修饰products