讲课(3)虚拟语气 (NX)

第二十章虚拟语气TheSubjunctiveMood绥芬河市职教中心罗巧玲第二十章虚拟语气TheSubjunctiveMood绥芬河市职教中心罗巧玲动词的语气语气是动词的一种形式。它表示说话者对所指的动作或状态所持的态度,而且在谓语动词上有所体现。不同的语气用不同的形式来表示。语气分三种:陈述语气;祈使语气;虚拟语气They’llgototheparkifitisfinenextSunday.1.陈述语气陈述语气多用于大多数句子里,用来陈述事实，有肯定，否定，疑问和感叹句。陈述语气就事实提出询问,它广泛用于陈述句和疑问句中。Thestudentswillplaybasketballiftheyarefreetomorrow.2.祈使语气祈使语气仅用于祈使句中，表示说话人向对方提出请求，劝告或命令。Let’sgotothezoo,shallwe?3.虚拟语气虚拟语气表示说的话不是事实，或者是不可能发生的情况，而是一种愿望，建议或与事实相反的假设等,其谓语动词形式与陈述语气不同。IfIwereabird,Ishouldflyinthesky.虚拟语气在条件句中的应用条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。1.真实条件句真实条件句用于陈述语气，假设的情况可能发生，其中if是如果的意思。句型：if条件从句主句一般现在时shall/will+动词原形1、Ifhecomes,hewillbringhisnewdictionary.2、Thevolleyballmatchwillbeputoffifit____.A.willrainB.rainsC.rainedD.israined答案真实条件句主句为将来时，从句用一般现在时。BTheywillgototheparkifitisfinetomorrow.注意(1)在真实条件句中，主句不能用begoingto表示将来，应用shall,will.(x)Ifwehaveenoughtime,We’regoingtovisitMr.Li.(v)Ifwehaveenoughtime,WewillvisitMr.Li.(2)表示客观真理时，主句谓语动词不用shall(will)+动词原形，而直接用一般现在时的动词形式。2.非真实（虚拟）条件句时态：可以表示现在,过去和将来的情况。虚拟语气通过谓语动词特殊形式来表示。1.IfIwereyou,Iwouldgoatonce.与现在事实相反，事实上我不可能是你。2.Ifyouhadcomeafewminutesearlier,youwouldhavemethim.与过去事实相反.事实上你没有见到他。3.Ifhegotenoughmoneynextyear,hewouldtravelaroundtheworld.与将来事实可能相反.if虚拟条件句分三种时态(以be.do为例)：虚拟语气用在非真实条件句中时间情况If条件从句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式表示现在情况过去式did(be常用were)Would/could/might/should+be/do表示过去情况过去完成式had+been/done上面4个情态动词+havebeen/done表示将来情况①过去式were/did②should+be/do③wereto+be/do上面4个情态动词+be/do陈述语气与虚拟语气的对比（1）Mikewillgotoseeyouifheisfreetomorrow.该句为陈述语气，因为主句用的是willgo。真实条件句主句为将来时，从句用is一般现在时态表将来时。（2）IfMikewerehere,everythingwouldbeallright.该句为虚拟语气，主句用wouldbe,从句中与现在事实相反的动词形式为were.虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的使用如果假设的情况与事实相反，或是根本不可能发生或是发生的可能性很小，这就是非真实条件句，即虚拟条件句。1．与现在的事实相反的假设的动词形式主句：would/should/could/might+do/be从句：动词用过去式did（be通常用were）Ifhecamehere,hemightbeabletohelpyou.1.与现在的事实相反的假设(1984年高考)Iftherewerenosubjunctivemood,English____mucheasier.A.willbeB.wouldhavebeenC.couldhavebeenD.wouldbe高考例题分析1D高考考点分析22．与过去的事实相反的假设主句：would/should/could/might+have+been/done从句:had+been/done(1)SheshouldhavegonetothepartyifshehadbeeninvitedlastSunday.(2)Ifshehadn’tcalledme,Ishouldhaveoversleptthismorning.高考例题分析2．与过去的事实相反的假设2）(1993年高考)Ifhe_______,he_____thatfood.Luckily,hewassenttothehospitalimmediately.A.waswarned;wouldnoteatB.hadbeenwarned;wouldnothaveeatenC.wouldbewarned;hadnoteatenD.wouldhavewarned;hadnoteatenBB3．与将来的事实相反的假设主句：would/should/could/might+be/do从句：should/wereto+be/do或were/did(1)IfIshouldfail,Iwouldtryagain.(2)IfIweretodoit,Iwoulddoinadifferentway.高考考点分析3与将来的事实相反的假设(2001年高考）3.Whatwouldhappeniftheearth_____turning?A.willstopB.wouldstopC.shouldstopD.Couldstop高考例题分析C特别注意如虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有系动词were，动词had或should等词，可将if省略，而把were，had或should放在主语之前，这和带有if条件从句所表示的含义完全相同。例如：1.IfIwereyou,Iwouldgetupearlyeveryday.=WereIyou,Iwouldgetupearlyeveryday.特别注意2.Ifhehadbeenwarned,hewouldnothaveeatenthatfood.=Hadhebeenwarned,hewouldnothaveeatenthatfood.3.Ifthereshouldbeearthquake,whatshouldwedo?=Shouldtherebeanearthquake,whatshouldwedo?1.___,hewouldhavesucceededintheexamination.A.HadheworkedhardB.HaveheworkedhardC.IfheworkshardD.Ifhehasworkedhard2._______,thecropswouldbesaved.A.IfshouldrainB.IfitrainsC.ShoulditrainsD.Shoulditrain高考考点分析AD高考模拟试题１.Alan___thepartyifhehadgonetoLondon.A.wouldhavemissedB.hadmissedC.wouldmissD.missed2.IfIhadknewyoucame,I___youattheairport.A.hadmetB.metC.wouldmeetD.wouldhavemetAD３.IfIwereinyourposition,I___veryhappy.A.amB.shouldC.wouldbeD.were4.IfTom___freetoday,he___andvisitsomeofhisfriends.A.was,willgoB.were,wouldgoC.shallbe,goesD.be,mustgoCBB5.IfMr.Whitewerehere,we_____him.A.askedB.haveaskedC.willaskD.couldask6.Ifmylawyer____herelastSaturday,he____mefromgoingout.A.hadbeen,wouldhavepreventedB.hadbeen,wouldpreventC.were,wouldpreventD.were,wouldhavepreventedAAD7.Youdidnotletmedrive.Ifwe____inturn,you____sotiredA.drove;didn’tgetB.drove;wouldn’tgetC.weredriving;wouldn’tgetD.haddriven;wouldn’thavegot8._____theclouds,youwouldseetheairplaneintheskyeasilyA.HaditnotbeenforB.IfitwasnotC.WereitnotforD.IfithadnotbeenDDC9.____youcomeearlier,youwouldhavemethimA.ShouldB.HadC.CouldD.would10.Ifhehadtakenthedoctor’sadvice,he____beeninhospital.A.shouldB.hadn’tC.wouldnotD.wouldn’thaveDB11.IfJackhadknowhowtodoit,he____you.A.hasshownB.hadshownC.wouldshowD.wouldhaveshown12.____todothistest,shemightdoitsomeotherway.A.WeresheB.WouldshebeC.IfsheisD.IfshewouldCA本课小结一、虚拟语气在条件句中表示现在、过去和将来三种时态的用法.二、虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were,助动词had或should等词，可将if省略的用法。三、if虚拟（非真实）条件句与if真实条件句的用法区别。布置作业一、复习巩固本章虚拟语气在条件句中的用法。二、预习本章虚拟语气在主从复合句中的用法。三、预习本章《综合测试题》。