蔡基刚-学术英语unit1答案

Unit1KeywordsLaypeople,radiation,understandingObjectiveToinvestigateyoungstudents’knowledgeofradiationphenomenaandriskMethodsusedQuestionnairesandinterviews1.Althoughrespondentswereawareoftheharmfulhealtheffectsofradiation,buthadalittleunderstandingoftheconceptofradiation.2.Thereisabigproportionofrespondentswhosupporttocontinuetheproductionofnuclearpower.3.Massmediaplaysaveryimportantroleinthemisunderstandingofradiation.4.AschoolprogramshouldbedesignedtoanalyzingeverydayconceptionsaboutradiationNo.MainIdeasPara.1-5Radiationhasbeenviewedasaseriousthreattohealthandhenceasourceoffear.1Theinvestigationhasbeenconductedforthreereasons2Teachersandmassmediaareabigsourceofpeople’sknowledgeofradiation3Theobjectiveistostudythegeneralpeople’sunderstandingofradiation.4270Freshmenarechosenfortworeasons56-10Mostpeople,especiallywomen,answeredthequestions6Mostquestionswereopen-endedwithreal-lifeexamples.7Theanswerswerecategorizedandcoded.8Apointsystemwasdevelopedtomeasuretherespondents’levelofunderstanding.9Mostrespondentsknewtheradiationtypesbutfailtoknowradioactivedecayandabsorptionofradiation.1011-15Respondentshaddifficultydistinguishingbetweenradiationandradioactivematerials.11Therewasgeneralmisunderstandingabouttheconceptofthehalf-life12Therewasalackofknowledgeabout“absorptionofradiation”amongrespondents13Therewasconfusionaboutthesourceofradiationamongrespondents14Respondentswereawareoftheeffectofradiationonhealth.1516-20Menandwomenhadsameknowledgeofradiation.16Althoughrespondentsknewtheharmfulhealtheffectsofradiation,buthadalittleunderstandingoftheconceptofradiation,17Respondentsfearedtheexposureofradiationfromnuclearpowerandnuclearsubmarines.18Therewasabigproportionofrespondentswhosupporttocontinuetheproductionofnuclearpower.19FearofradiationfromnuclearpowerwasstillpopularinNorwegians.2020-25Mostrespondentsfearedthecontaminationofnuclearwaste21Womenweremoreworriedthanmenaboutradiationandnuclearpower.22Massmediatendstoinfluencepeople’sjudgmentandeverydayconception.23Everydayconceptionsaremoredeterminedthanschooleducation24Massmediaplaysaveryimportantroleinthemisunderstandingofradiation.2526-28Analyzingeverydayconceptionsaboutradiationinschoolcoursesmayimprovethepublicunderstandingofsuchphenomena.26Sufficientknowledgeofradiationmayinfluenceone’spoliticalconsiderationsandjudgments.27Acourse“Science,TechnologyandSociety”maybedevelopedtotakethelayconceptionsintoaccount.28Taskparaphrase1.Theanswerrevealsthattherespondentsfailtounderstandthatanewnucleuswillbeproducedifaradioactiveatomisbroken.2.Accordingtotheviewofconstructivists,aperson’sideaswillsurviveschooleducationandformanimportantbasisforlearningnewthings.3.Thesolutionistotakelayideasintoconsiderationandcombinefactualknowledgewithpracticalorpoliticalfactors.Task6Summarizethemainideaofthefollowingparagraph,usingonesentenceonly.Readthemodelcarefully.Differenttypesofradiationwillproducedifferenthealtheffects,basedoncharacteristicsofeachtype.Task7Writeaparagraphabout120wordstosummarizethemainideaofText1.Itmaybearguedthatthepopulationshouldhavesufficientunderstandingofradiationphenomenatosecureindividualsafetyaswellasdemocraticdecisions.Toattainthis,itisnecessaryforthecommunicatorsofradiationinformationtobefamiliarwiththelayperson’sperceptionsofthesephenomena.Aquestionnairesurveywasconductedtoexaminenon-experts’conceptionsofradiationphenomena.Thesurveyrevealedincompleteunderstandingofconceptssuchasradioactivedecay,half-lifeandabsorptionofradiationandalackofdifferentiationofbetweenradiationandradioactivematerial.Manyrespondentsdidnotdistinguishbetweensourcesofionizingradiationandotherenvironmentalhazards.Nuclearpowerplantsandsubmarineswerethemostfearedsourcesofradiation.Thereareindicationsthatthelayunderstandingofradiationphenomenaandriskistoalargeextentformedbymassmediaandthat“schoolknowledge”ofthesephenomenaisnotappliedinsituationsbelongingtothe‘realworld’.Toresolvethisproblem,newteachingandinformationproceduresareneeded.Theseshouldtakeintoaccountthelearners’perceptionsandshouldintegrate“schoolknowledge”withconsiderationsbelongingtothe“realworld”.2.EnhancinglanguageabilityTask2Replacetheunderlinedwordsorphraseswithacademicwordsintheabovebox.Changetheirformswherenecessary.1.betrays,conception2.(administrated,renders)3.(exemplified,perception)4.(prevalent,secure)5.(priorto,considerable)6.(proportion,attempt,gloomy)7.(isindicative,alternatives)8.(characterized,constitutes,hazard)9.(Fromthestandpointofthedoctors,ranks)10.(external,prerequisite)Task3Groupthewordsintheboxaccordingtothemeaningsofthefirstwords.Discussthevarietyofwordsinwriting.1.include:contain,embrace,encompass,comprise,becomposedof,consistof2.valid:powerful,convincing,sensible,rational,viable,credible,plausible,weighty,well-founded,cogent,well-grounded3.basic:underlying,fundamental,essential,root,prime,primary4.danger:hazard,risk,threat,menace,peril,jeopardy,hazardous,endanger,jeopardize5.describe:depict,portray,characterize,narrate,outline,represent6.different:discrepant,contrary,conflicting,contradictory,in