英语名师工作室--初中英语语法串讲

开福区英语名师工作室北雅中学英语组周建国2007—2010年长沙市中考语法考查项目1.冠词：a/an/the/-07,08,09,102.代词：指示/不定/人称/物主/反身代词08，09，103.情态代词：07，08，104.数词：07，08，095.形容词和副词的词义比较：09，106.形容词和副词的比较级等：07，08，09，107.连词：and,or,but,so07,08,108.介词:in/on/by/with/without08，09一、词法9.易混词的区别：如：spend/take/pay/costother/others/theother/theothers/another10.动词的谓语形式：时态08，09，10被动语态07，08，09，1011.动词的非谓语形式：不定式和V-ing07，08，09二、句法1.五个简单句型2.感叹句3.复合句：主句+连接词+从句从句：定语从句，宾语从句，状语从句07，08，09，10三、语法出现的题型：单项选择和完形填空四、语法考试重点分析和解题指导：1.the,a,an表达的含义以及不用the的情形。1)Mysistercanplay____violinverywell.2)Maryhas___badcold.Shehastostayin___bed.3)There’s___appletreeinourschooland___universitynearourschool.4)--Doyouhaveacat?--Yes.___catisblackandwhite.2.代词考点：all—noneboth—neithereithersomebody,anybody,everybody,nobodysomething,anything,everything,nothingcallhimup,takeitaway,turnitdown/upme/us,you/you,him/her/it/themmine/ours,yours/yours,his/hers/its/theirsmyself/ourselves,yourself/yourselves,himself/herself/itself/themselves--Whichofthecapswillyoutake?--I’lltake___,oneformyfather,theotherformybrother.(all,both,neither)--Whohelpedyoucleantheclassroomyesterday?--____.Icleaneditallbymyself.(Somebody,Nobody,Everybody)--Help____tosomefish,myboy.--Thanks.(you,yours,yourself)--Isthisyourpen?--No,it’snot___.(mine,my,me)Therearetreeson____sidesofthestreet.(both)3.情态动词：must—mustn’t,can—can’t,may,should—shouldn’t考试重点:表猜测must—一定can’t—不可能may—有可能1)--MustIfinishmyhomeworknow?--No,you_____.Youcanfinishitafterschool.2)--_____youturndowntheradio,please?--Yes,Ican.3)--Listen!IsTomsingingintheclassroom?--No,it______behim.He’sgonetoLondon.needn’tCancan’t4.数词：序数词前加the20以内的几个不规则变化：熟记—1/3/5/7/9，2/8/12first,third,fifth,ninth;second,eighth,twelfth整十的词尾tytie,再加thfiftieth,sixtieth基数词和序数词的转换：PartTwothesecondpartfivehundred/thousand/millionpeoplehundreds/thousands/millionsofpeopleThereare______floorsinthisbuilding.Alltheteachersliveon_________floor,andthestudentsliveon_________floor.(6,2,3)sixthesecondthethird5.形容词、副词的比较等级原级：very/quite+原级as+原级+as(肯定)notas/so…as(否定)比较级：原级+er,more+原级，不规则变化much/even/abit/alittle+比较级特殊句式：The+比较级+…,the+比较级+…最高级：原级+est,most+最高级，不规则变化1)Listeningisas___asspeakinginlanguagelearning.A.veryimportantB.moreimportantC.important2)Whichcolordoyoulike____,blueorgreen?A.wellB.betterC.best3)Sportshelppeoplekeephealthyandhappyandlive_____.(harder,longer,worse)4)InChangsha,it’shotinJuly,butit’seven______inAugust.5)I’msurethere’llbe______pollutionand______treesinthefuture.hotterlessmore6.连词and—和，or—或者/否则but—但是，so—所以1)Moneyisimportant,_____itcan’tbuyeverything.2)--Wouldyouliketogototheconcertwithme?--I’dloveto,_____I’mafraidIhavenotime.3)TheNobelPrizesincludeprizesfordifferentkindsofscience_____theNobelPeacePrize.4)Theydidn’tknowwhatwaswrongwithhim,_____hisfatherdecidedtogototheschoolandaskedhim.5)Studyhard,_____you’llpasstheexam.Studyhard,_____you’llfailtheexam.butbutandsoandor7.介词in(地点：城市，国家；时间：年份，月份)at(地点：车站/家；时间：几点几分)on(位置：表面；时间：几月几日，节/假日的上下午)by(交通工具；方式：by+V-ing)with(有，具有…特征)without(没有，不具有…特征)1)TheyarrivedinParis___themorningofMayDay.2)Hewalkedtoschool____anumbrellainthehand.3)Thejobwastoprovidedthem___adviceandencouragement.(providesb.withsth.)4)Hewassorudethathisfatherwasverymad_______him.(bemadatsb.)onwithwithat8.动词的时态：1)Heoften_______toschoolonfoot.(go)2)Tinaandherparents_______toEnglandforsightseeinglastsummer.(fly)goesflew一般现在时考试重点：三单形式；always等频率词；状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来时一般过去时(动词用过去式；句尾有一个过去时间)3)Tinaandherparents__________toEnglandforsightseeingnextsummer.(fly)4)Look!They__________gamesontheplayground.(play)Listen!Someone__________inthenextroom.(talk)willflyareplayingistalking一般将来时(will+V-原;begoingto+V-原)现在进行时(am/is/are+V-ing;句首有look/listen)5)Tinaandherparents____________toEnglandforsightseeingatthistimeyesterday.(fly)6)Whenhegothome,hisparents_________.(cook)wereflyingwerecooking过去进行时(was/were+V-ing)时间为过去的几点几分；与过去时的状语从句连用5)--MayIspeaktoMary?--Sorry,sheisn’tathome.She___totheUSA.(go)6)--DidyoumeetJayChouathisconcertyesterday?--No,Ididn’t.WhenIgotthere,he_____.(leave)现在完成时(have/hasV-ed;for/since+时间标志词never/already等；前后文语境)过去完成时(hadV-ed;过去的过去)9.被动语态：be+V-ed考试重点：与时态和情态动词的连用一般现在/过去/将来时态、现在完成时，情态动词+be+V-edThesubways_____intwoyears.(build)--Doyouoftenplanttreesinspring?--Yes.Manytrees_____inourschooleveryyear.--Istherailwaynewlybuilt?--No,it____lastwinter.(build)10.动词的非谓语形式:不定式：V-1+(not)to+V-2；V-ing:V-1+V-2-ing多数情况:不定式少数情况:特定动词+V-ing介词+V-ing不定式短语：疑问词+to+V1)Beforegoingtothezoo,ourteachertoldus____thepublicrules.(obey)2)Ourteacherstellus____inthehall.(notrun)3)Thestoryissointerestingthatitmademe___.(laugh)4)Isawhim___upstairs,soyoucouldfindhiminhisbedroom.(go)tell/asksb.todosth.不定式的否定形式省略to的不定式在make/let/have使役动词后；在see/watch/hear/listento感官动词后4)Canyoutellus_____?A.wheretomeetB.whattodoitC.Howtodo疑问词+不定式V-ing作宾语：某些特定的动词后5)Leoturnedoffthecomputerafterhehadfinished____thee-mail.(write)6)--Howlongdidyouspend___yourwork.--Two.(do)7)Theyhadfun____computergameslastweekend.(play)8)Ireallyenjoyed____dinnerwithmyfamily.(have)9)Wouldyoumind____downtheVCD?(turn)11.感叹句：Whata/an+adj.+可数单数名词(+…)！What+adj.+不可数名词(+…)！How+adj./adv.+主语+动词！多有趣的一