It 的用法 英语语法

.carefulperson.PersonalPronouns人称代词1.用于指事。It用作人称代词最基本的用法就是代替前面已提到过的事物本身，以避免重复。Icannotfindmywatch；Imusthavelostit.2.用于指动物或婴儿。主要用于指动物或性别不详的婴儿。①“Whereisthecat?’’“Itisunderthebed.”②Theygotababyanditisverylovely.3.用于上文提到的情况。HesmokesalotinbedandIdon’tlikeit.4.用于指人。it用于指人主要用于确定未知人的身份：①“Whoisit？”“It’sme.”②Someonemusthavebeenhere.Butwehavenoideawhoitwas.5.指人时与he和she的区别。当it用于指人时，主要用于确定未知的或身份不明的人，若是指已知的或身份明确的人，则应根据情况使用he或she。⑴Ihearaknockatthedoor.Itmustbethepostmen.⑵Jimisatthedoor.Hewantstoseeyou.6.指物时与One的区别。两者均可代替前面提到的事物，区别是：It指的是与前面已提到的事物为同一物，此时的It等于“the(this,that,my’…)+名词;而one指的是与前面已提到的事物为同一类，此时的one等于“a+名词”。⑴.IhaveapenbutI’velentittoMary.⑵.Ihaven’tapen;canyoulendmeone?1.用于指时间It’sthreeyearssincehelefthere.2.用于指距离Howfarisitfromheretothestation?3.用于指环境Itwasveryquietinthegarden.4.用于指天气等自然现象⑴.It’sverycoldtoday.⑵.It’s37℃today.5.用于笼统地谈论某情况Icannothelpit.没办法了。“How’sitgoing？”“well，notsogood.”makeit,catchit,takeiteasy,gotit…Impersonalpronouns虚主语或虚宾语Preparatorysubject形式主语1.基本用法。2.当不定式、动名词、从句等用作主语时，为避免头重脚轻，通常在句首使用形式主语it，而把真正的主语放在句子末尾：⑴Isitnecessarytodoso？⑵Itdoesn’tmatterwhatshesays.几种常见的形式主语句型1.It+be+adj.+todo/thatItisimportanttokeepahealthydiet.Itissurprisingthatheiscomingtoday2.It’s+n.+doing/todo/that从句Itisnouse/goodgoingtheresoearly.Itisagoodhabittogetupearlyinthemorning.Itisapitythatyoucannotgotothepartytonight.3,It’s+过去分词+that/wh-从句(said,believed,thought,reported,known,decided)1.Itisreportedthat6peoplewerekilledinthatcaraccident.2.ItisknownthatTaiwanisapartofChina.3.Itisnotdecidedwhenthemeetingwillbeheld.4.用作动词look、seem、appear、happen、occur、follow等的主语（后接that从句或asif从句）：①Itseemsasifitisgoingtorain.②It（so）happenedthatIhadnomoneywithme.③Itappearsthatheisterriblyill.3误用形式主语的几种情况:⑴在该用it作形式主语的地方而误用其他词Is____necessarytotellhisfathereverything?A.itB.thatC.whatD.he⑵在不该用it作形式主语的地方而误用形式主语____mustbesomethingwrongwiththemachine.A.ThereB.ItC.HeD.That①___isknowntoall,theearthrunsaroundtheearth.②__isknowntoallthattheearthrunsaroundtheearth.A.ItB.whichC.AsD.That③__isdifficulttopersuadehertostay.④__isdifficultistopersuadehertostay.A.ItB.whatC.HeD.ThatCAAB1.基本用法：当不定式.动名词从句等用作宾语且其后跟有宾补时,就应在宾补前使用形式宾语,而将真正的宾语移到句末:①Wefounditdifficulttopersuadeher.②Hemakeitaruletogetupbeforedawn.2.几种特殊的形式宾语：通常意义的形式宾语主要见于真正宾语为不定式.动名词从句等且其后跟有宾语补足语时的情形，即用于“动词＋it＋宾语补足语＋真正宾语”这样的结构，但以下几类形式宾语比教特殊，其后没有宾补：⑴由于介词后通常不能直接跟从句作宾语，有个别特殊结构就在介词后先接it作形式宾语，再跟that从句：①Youmaydependonitthathewillturnupintime.②I’llseetoitthatalltheseletterswillbesenttothepostofficebeforetwelve.用作形式宾语1.基本用法：当不定式.动名词从句等用作宾语且其后跟有宾补时,就应在宾补前使用形式宾语,而将真正的宾语移到句末:①Wefounditdifficulttopersuadeher.②Hemakeitaruletogetupbeforedawn.Preparatoryobject形式宾语2.几种特殊的形式宾语：⑴由于介词(but和except除外)后通常不能直接跟从句作宾语，有个别特殊结构就在介词后先接it作形式宾语，再跟that从句：①Iknownothingabouthimexceptthathelivesnextdoor.②Youmaydependonitthathewillturnupintime.③I’llseetoitthatalltheseletterswillbesenttothepostofficebeforetwelve.⑵有的动词由于通常只用作及物动词，当它们后接if从句或when从句，通常应先在动词后接it作形式宾语。①Shewon’tlikeitifyouarrivelate.②Hehatesitwhenpeopleusehisbike.主要有enjoy，like，dislike，love，hate，prefer，appreciate等表示情绪的动词。Ihate_____whenpeopletalkwiththeirmouthsfull.A.itB.thatC.theseD.them⑶用于haveitthat（说、认为）,takeitthat（认为）等固定表达中:①Itakeitthatyouagree.②Reporthasitthatabout30peoplewerekilledintheaccident.A我们昨天在班会上选举他为班长。强调句型是英语中的一种重要的句子结构，它可以强调除谓语以外的其它成分，是英语学习者必须掌握的一种重点句型，因而在高考英语试卷上占有一席之地。现对强调句型的各个主要方面作以归纳。Weelectedhimmonitorattheclassmeetingyesterday.主宾宾补地状时状Itwaswethat/whoelectedhimmonitorattheclassmeetingyesterday.（强调主语）Itwashimthat/whomweelectedmonitorattheclassmeetingyesterday.（强调宾语）Itwasmonitorthatweelectedhimattheclassmeetingyesterday.（强调宾补）Itwasattheclassmeetingthatweelectedhimmonitoryesterday.（强调地点状语）一，基本结构：Itis(was)+被强调部分+that（强调部分是人时也可用who/whom）+其他成分Eg:Weelectedhimmonitorattheclassmeetingyesterday.主宾宾补地状时状二、强调句型的判断把“It,be，that”去掉，如果剩余部分句子结构仍然完整（被强调部分要还原到原位置），那么这个句子就是强调句；如果句子不完整，则不是强调句。如：（1）①Itishewho/thatoftenhelpsmewithmyEnglish.②Itisonthehillsidethatweplanttreeseveryyear.③Itwasbecauseofbadweatherthatthefootballmatchhadtobeputoff.分析：去掉Itis/was...that/who句子后结构仍然完整，句意仍明确，都是强调句。④Itwas9o'clockwhenwecameback．⑤Itwas3hourssincewehadcomeback．分析：在上面例句中若去掉Itwas...when/before/since等后，句子结构就不完整，所以不是强调句。2）①Itwasatthetheatre_________Lincolnwasmurdered.Itwasthetheatre_________Lincolnwasmurdered.A.whichB.thatC.whereD.theoneCB②Itwasourteacher________didtheexperimentinthelablastnight.A.whomB.thatC.whichD.where③Itwastenyearsago________MissGaoreturnedtoChina.A.thatB.whenC.sinceD.as④Itwas________hesaid______disappointedme.(Shanghai'99)A.what;thatB.that;thatC.what;whatD.that;what⑤Itwasforthisreason________herunclemovedoutofNewYorkandsettleddowninasmallvillage.(Shanghai2001,spring)A.whichB.whyC.thatD.howBAAC三、强调句型几注意1.句首词用“It”，不能用“This”，“That”等。2.be动词的形式是is或was，不能用复数形式are或were。（3)It___theChinesewomenthat___agreatroleinthesocialistconstruction.Ais;playsBare;playCis;playDare;plays（4)___alltheseexercises____allofuscandotomorrow.AItis;thatBItwas;thatCTheyare;whichDItwillbe;that3.被强调的部分如果是代词，强调主语用主格，强调宾语用宾格。如：（5）Itishimthat/who/whomImetinthestreetyesterday.（6）ItisIwho/thatamwrong.CA4.连接词一般用that，当强调部分是人时，既可用that也可用