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她是大山的女儿,像一支燃烧的蜡烛,闪耀着灿烂的光辉,照亮了深山孩子的梦想,她和千千万万山村教师一道,努力实践着中国山村的教育梦businesstoorganize,guide,assist,participatorypre-loaninvestigation,providemarketingadviceandresponsibleformarketingadvice.ChapterIIIcontentandprocessafteracceptingtheborrower'sapplicationforthe14thperson,dominatedbyfieldinvestigationandoff-sitesurveysasasupplement,carryoutpre-loaninvestigationwork.Maincontentsareasfollows:(a)theborrowersurveys1.Borrowerforcorporatecustomers,investigatorsshouldinterviewbusiness,management,financeandotherrelatedpersonnel,fieldtripplaceofbusinessandproductionoperations,andaccordingtotheinformationprovidedbythecustomertoverifythebusinessmanagement,authenticityofthefinancialsituation,trade,etc.2.borrowingpeopleforsmallenterpriseof,surveycontentexceptreferencecompanyclasscustomeroutside,alsoshouldfocusconcernactualcontrolpeopleandthemainshareholderspersonalfundingletter,andpractitionersexperience,andmarriagestatus,andhealthstatus,softinformationandfamilyassets,andliabilitiesstatus;focussurveyverifiedenterpriseaccounttable,andbankaccountwater,andtaxinformationandhydropowerwage,spendinginformation,thenverifiedcompanyactualbusinessstatusandthefinancialstatus.3.theborrowerisanaturalperson,theinvestigationshouldfocusonborrowersandtheirfamilies,property,income,debt,credit...Investigatorsshouldfieldsurveys,confirmthemortgagesituation,bywayofassessment,inquiryfindsthevalueofthemortgage.Disagreeswiththedeterminationofvalue,shouldbesubmittedthroughotherevaluationAgency,thesupplementaryinvestigations,fieldsurveys,includingre-evaluationofvalue.1.topropertymortgageof,surveypeopleshouldfieldstudymortgagereal,andverifiedfollowinginformation:housingownershipcardbycontainsMinginformation(ownershippeople,andislocated,andfloor,,androom,,andarea,andtype,)处理溢流的方法第一节压井有关概念问题:采用一般的循环方法(敞开井口)是无法制止溢流的,因为这时环空内液柱压力大大小于地层压力,打入的重泥浆会随同油气立即溢出或喷出,无法建立起压力平衡。解决方法:必须在井口造成一定的局部阻力来增大环形空间的压力。即井口加回压。压井的定义:是指发生溢流后,泵入能平衡地层压力的加重钻井液,并通过调节节流阀开度大小,始终控制井底压力略大于地层压力,排除溢流,重建井眼与地层系统的压力平衡关系。在重新建立起平衡关系之前,不能让地层流体再流入井内,而此时的井内钻井液液柱压力又不足以压稳地层。因此,在压井循环过程中不能使井口完全敞开,必须适当关闭节流阀,在井口产生一定回压,使井口回压与钻井液液柱压力一起平衡地层,制止地层流体流入井内。如果全部打开节流阀,井口失去套压,井底压力便会小于地层压力,发生新的溢流,甚至造成井喷事故。如果关闭节流阀,又会使立管压力、套管压力、井底压力增至过高,造成压漏地层、损坏井口设备等后果。因此,在整个压井过程中,利用开大或关小节流阀始终保持井底压力略大于地层压力。压井原理:压井是以“U”管原理为依据,在压井过程中控制井底压力略大于地层压力并保持不变。钻具与井眼所形成的循环系统可视为一个“U”管,钻具和环空分别为“U”管的两条腿。其基本原理是“U”管底部是一个压力平衡点,此处的压力只能有一个值,这个值只能通过分析连通管的任意一条管的压力而获得。套管压力与立管压力由于“U”管原理的存在使之紧密相关,改变套管压力可以控制井底压力,并影响立管压力使之产生同样大小的变化。因此,可以用“U”形管原理来分析其压力。利用地面节流阀产生的阻力(即回压)和井内钻井液液柱压力所形成的井底压力来平衡地层压力,实现压井的基本原则。当井深和钻井液密度一定时,关井立管压力的大小就能反映地层压力的大小。因此,人们把关井立管压力作为判断地层压力或井底压力的压力计来使用。压井方法:由于关井以后,井下情况各不相同:地层渗透率、地层能量、地层压力、地层破裂压力、套管下深、井控装置配置、溢流种类、数量、关井时井内是她是大山的女儿,像一支燃烧的蜡烛,闪耀着灿烂的光辉,照亮了深山孩子的梦想,她和千千万万山村教师一道,努力实践着中国山村的教育梦businesstoorganize,guide,assist,participatorypre-loaninvestigation,providemarketingadviceandresponsibleformarketingadvice.ChapterIIIcontentandprocessafteracceptingtheborrower'sapplicationforthe14thperson,dominatedbyfieldinvestigationandoff-sitesurveysasasupplement,carryoutpre-loaninvestigationwork.Maincontentsareasfollows:(a)theborrowersurveys1.Borrowerforcorporatecustomers,investigatorsshouldinterviewbusiness,management,financeandotherrelatedpersonnel,fieldtripplaceofbusinessandproductionoperations,andaccordingtotheinformationprovidedbythecustomertoverifythebusinessmanagement,authenticityofthefinancialsituation,trade,etc.2.borrowingpeopleforsmallenterpriseof,surveycontentexceptreferencecompanyclasscustomeroutside,alsoshouldfocusconcernactualcontrolpeopleandthemainshareholderspersonalfundingletter,andpractitionersexperience,andmarriagestatus,andhealthstatus,softinformationandfamilyassets,andliabilitiesstatus;focussurveyverifiedenterpriseaccounttable,andbankaccountwater,andtaxinformationandhydropowerwage,spendinginformation,thenverifiedcompanyactualbusinessstatusandthefinancialstatus.3.theborrowerisanaturalperson,theinvestigationshouldfocusonborrowersandtheirfamilies,property,income,debt,credit...Investigatorsshouldfieldsurveys,confirmthemortgagesituation,bywayofassessment,inquiryfindsthevalueofthemortgage.Disagreeswiththedeterminationofvalue,shouldbesubmittedthroughotherevaluationAgency,thesupplementaryinvestigations,fieldsurveys,includingre-evaluationofvalue.1.topropertymortgageof,surveypeopleshouldfieldstudymortgagereal,andverifiedfollowinginformation:housingownershipcardbycontainsMinginformation(ownershippeople,andislocated,andfloor,,androom,,andarea,andtype,)2否有钻具、有多少钻具、井内钻井液是否喷空、关井井口压力高低、最大允许关井套压、能否正常循环、是否贮备加重钻井液、配置加重钻井液速度、压井过程中是否会井漏、是否会发生钻具刺漏或水眼堵塞、节流阀堵塞等现象,这些情况每口井不一定完全相同,所以就有多种压井方法。常规压井方法:是指当溢流发生后,能正常实施关井程序并在井底建立循环,在向井内泵入压井液过程中,通过调节节流阀开度大小始终保持井底压力略大于地层压力,完成压井作业的方法(遵循“U”管原理)。最常用的常规压井方法有司钻法、等待加重法、循环加重法,唯一区别就是第一循环周用的钻井液密度不同。非常规井控方法:不能在压井的全过程中遵循压井基本原则(遵循“U”管原理)的压井称为非常规压井。发生溢流、井喷时,若钻柱不在井底、井漏、空井、泥浆喷空、钻具堵塞等现象时,就不能进行循环,也就无法用常规井控方法压井。当出现这些非常规现象时,就要用非常规压井方法。每一种压井方法都有其适用条件。井控工作者要熟练掌握各种压井方法的原理和适用条件,当发生溢流、井喷关井后合理选择压井方法,正确、迅速压井。压井基本原则:压井过程中不能有地层中流体继续进入井眼,并且还必须把已进入井眼中的流体要么安全地排出井眼,要么安全地再压回地层,同时又不使控制压力过高,压漏地层或危及地面设备。因此在压井过程中,要始终保持井底压力略大于地层压力不变。这就是压井的基本原则,也是控制一口井唯一正确的方法。关井立压和套压:关井
本文标题:处理溢流的方法
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