SAT-阅读讲义1

SAT阅读讲义SAT阅读构成三个section，每个section含2个部分：句子填空：【SentenceCompletion】段落阅读：【CriticalReading】1.section2/3:【time】--25”24questions【5SC;19CR】2.section5/7:【time】--25”24questions【8SC;16CR】3.section8/9:【time】--20”19questions【6SC;13CR】ScoringStandard总题量：67======总分：800评分公式：3个section总的正确个数R;总的错误个数W.RawScore=R–(W×0.25)RawScoreFinalScoreRawScoreFinalScore-1below290below46600030052650144005770022450617503050064~6780038550CriticalReadingTypesofquestions:【Singlepassage】short(100)---连续出现2篇文章，每篇文章2道题；long(450-900)---有时1篇13题，有时2篇连续出现，每篇6-9题；【Paired-passage】short(250)---1篇4题；long(600-1000)---1篇12~13道题。SAT阅读难点1.词汇：a.量大：【10000以上】===（托福6000）；b.用更加生僻的单词替换掉常用的词：显著的，突出的：outstanding/prominentsalient痛苦的：painful/miserableafflicting/thornyc.某些常见单词取生僻的意思：qualified：有资格的guarded：受保卫的有限制的谨慎的；有保留的d.一些不符合词根词缀规律的单词：indifferentdispassionatedisinterested漠不关心的公平的无私的，公正的SAT阅读难点2.句式结构非常复杂a.句子意思很简单，但却绕着说，一句话主语有了，但谓语往往会隔了好几行才出现，中间插入一些内容用来迷惑考生。MaryburnedhermanuscriptMary’smanuscriptwasconsignedtoflames.GeorgeWashingtonbecamethepresidentoftheUnitedStatesin1789.GeorgeWashington,oftenreferredtoastheFatherofOurCountry,assumedthepresidencyoftheUnitedStatesinayearwhenthecountrywasundergoingmountingdomesticstrife(日趋高涨的国内冲突).b.大量使用长难句：倒装、省略、比较、从句套用。C.中国学生不熟悉的比喻或文学修辞：“No,Iwon'tridewithservicemen,”saidmycasuallyseditiousfather,ashesloweddownandpeeredatasoldierandthenresumedhisfullcruisingspeed,whileI,patrioticallyoffended,watchedthestunneddefenderofmyfreedomskickingathisdufflebagandgettingsmallerandsmallerasplanetPontiaccontinueditsfumingorbit.“No,Iwon'tridewithservicemen-,”saidmycasually随意的，漫不经心的seditiousfather,ashesloweddownandpeeredata煽动性的当soldierandthenresumedhisfullcruisingspeed,重新开始车辆的经济行驶速度whileI,patrioticallyoffended,watchedthestunned爱国地【插入语，V-ed形式表被动】defenderofmyfreedomskickingathisdufflebag借代（“我自由的守护者”）帆布旅行袋andgettingsmallerandsmallerasplanetPontiac明喻旁蒂克continueditsfumingorbit.（美国产轿车）SAT阅读难点3.每个阅读文章后面的问题问得非常刁钻;4.时间紧迫:在70分钟内，要完成19道句子填空题，7篇文章的阅读，再完成48道阅读理解题。要求考生不仅要能把文章看懂题目做对，而且还要学会快速扫读，把握全文核心意思，并且还要关注文章的细节性问题。】5.题材广泛：涉及到社会科学、人文科学、自然科学的各方面的内容，另外，每次的真题考试还有一篇小说阅读。SAT阅读基本原则1.注意正文前对作者和文章简短介绍的斜体字;【作者的背景、文章的基本介绍谋篇布局和作者的写作目的】2.不要过多的拘泥于文章的某个细节；3.重点阅读文章前三分之一左右的内容；【主题，写作意图，作者对于论述主体的态度】4.用自己的语言对文章进行总结。【topic/作者观点态度】。SAT阅读文章特点1.新旧观点型2.结论解释型3.现象解释型问题解决型标志词：traditionally,usually,manyXXXbelieve,it’sfrequentlyassumethat...;重点：新观点是文章的TS[★]_______________________________________________________________________________标志：首句是个判断句，而且二句和二段句首无转折；TS：首句就是TS[★]；判断句式：1.系动词（be,remain）+adj2.文章首句如果含有作者的态度/评价，也是判断句_______________________________________________________________________________标志：文章首段给出一个社会/自然现象或者困难/problem；TS：给出的解释或解决方案的句子；注意：如果解释和回答出现多于一次，则TS在作者给出正评价的解释/回答Question6-7arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Sometimesthemeaningofoldphrasesisself-evident,aswithtomovelikegreasedlightingandacloseshave.ButquiteoftenLineweareleftwithlanguagethatseemstohave5sprungoutoftheblueanddoesnotappeartosignifyanythinginparticular–evensteven,fitasafiddle,ortopaintthetownred.Explanationsarefrequentlypositedbutaretoooftenunpersuasive.Onepopulardictionary,10forexample,suggeststhattobejoshingmightbeconnectedtothehumoristJoshBillings,butinfactthetermwascurrentasearlyas1845.JoshBillingswasunknownoutsidehisneighborhooduntil1860.Thefollowingpassageappearedinanessaywrittenin1987inwhichtheauthor,whoisofNativeAmericandescent,examinestherepresentationofNativeAmericansduringthecourseofUnitedStateshistory.InmanyrespectslivingNativeAmericansremainsasmysterious,exotic,andunfathomabletotheircontemporariesattheendofthetwentiethcenturyastheyweretothePilgrimsettlersoverthreehundredfiftyyearsago.Nativerights,motives,customs,languages,andaspirationsaremisunderstoodbyEuro-Americansoutofaculpableignorancethatisbothself-servingandself-righteous.…..Thisideaiscertainlynotnew.Rousseau’s“noblesavages”wandered,pureofheart,throughapristineworld.Sincenativepeopleweresimplyassumedtobeincomprehensible,theywereseldomcomprehended.Theirsocietiesweresimplybeheld,oftenthroughcloudyglasses,andrarelyprobedbythetoolsoflogicanddeductiveanalysisautomaticallyreservedforculturesprejudgedtobe“civilized”.……SAT阅读关键：变速阅读精读：论点(文章主题/作者观点)略读：论据______________________________________________________________________________________________________________典型论据：1.例子、类比、比喻[爱出inorderto题型]问题的答案在总结和归纳的句中精读例子、比喻的具体内容略读。2.顺接连词:[inaddition，moreover，further，also…]这些词后面的内容和前面的内容相似，作者观点也不会改变，因此如果前面能看懂，则后面可略读；3.“:”是前半句的简化的重复略读；“;”后半句是前半句的并列内容略读。4.有明确列举标志的内容，以列举对象为主，对象的具体描述略读；[first，second…]5.让步语气：a).让步之后必有转折，真正的态度在转折；以转折内容为主，让步部分略读；b).被作者让步的地方常考态度题，答案中必包含让步语气；6.任何一个理论中“内容”略读；“态度”、“观点”精读；7.任何原因均可略读【结论以及作者所持态度是★】8.大段引用可快速阅读，重点看引用前；HowtoreadWhatyoucanlearnfromtheitalics?Manyarticleandbookshavebeenwrittenproposingamajorrevampingofthenation’sschoolsystem.Inthisexcerpt,theauthorpresentshisownviewsonthissubject.文章主题（topic）：作者的行文套路：revampingofthenation’sschoolsystem作者给出自己的观点：1).开门见山–开篇直接给出自己的观点；2).先列出其他人的观点否定他人观点给出自己的观点Whennearlyeverybodyagreesonsomething,itprobablyisn’tso.Nearlyeverybodyagrees:it’sgoingtotakearevolutiontofixAmerica’spublicschools.Fromthegrea