英国文学史选读课件The-Anglo-Saxon-Period

BritishLiteratureI江西科技师范大学外国语学院PartIITheAnglo-SaxonPeriod(449A.D.-1066A.D.)BritishLiteratureI本章任务让学生了解并掌握以下几个知识点：●1.英国盎格鲁-撒克逊时期的文学概况；●2.古英语诗歌的分类及特征；●3.史诗《贝奥武甫》赏析；●4.英语修辞手法头韵、抑言陈述。BritishLiteratureIContentsII.CharacteristicsofAnglo-SaxonLiteratureAnglo-SaxonPoetryIII.IV.Anglo-SaxonProseV.AssignmentsTheHistoricalBackgroundI.BritishLiteratureI●Themakingofthenation:fromthefollowingformula,wecanknowthattheEnglishpeopleareofamixedblood:BritonsNormansDanesEnglishAnglesSaxonsJutesI.HistoricalBackgroundBritishLiteratureIThreefamousconquests●TherearethreefamousconquestsintheBritishhistorywhichhaveenormousimpactonBritishliterature.(1)TheRomanConquest(55B.C-410A.D.)(2)TheAnglo-SaxonConquest(449-1066)(3)TheNormanConquest(1066-1485)BritishLiteratureIⅡ.CharacteristicsofAnglo-SaxonLiterature●Thereweretwoliterarydivisions:onewaspaganandtheotherwasreligious.Andthemainliteraryformsarepoetryandprose,andpoetrywasinoralform.BritishLiteratureIThreecharacteristics:●1.Anglo-Saxonliteratureisalmostaverseliteratureinoralform.Itwasonlygivenawrittenformlongafteritscomposition.●2.TherearetwogroupsofEnglishpoetryinAnglo-Saxonperiod—pagan(世俗诗)andreligious（宗教诗）poetry.PaganpoetrywasrepresentedbyBeowulfwhilereligiouspoetrywasrepresentedbytheworksofCaedmon（凯德蒙）andCynewulf(塞内武甫）.●3.Inthe8thcentury,Anglo-Saxonproseappeared.ThefamousprosewritersofthatperiodwereVenerableBede（比德）andAlfredtheGreat（阿尔弗烈德大王）.BritishLiteratureIⅢ.Anglo-SaxonPoetry●1.PaganPoetry（世俗诗）●Thepaganpoetry,alsocalledsecularpoetry,doesnotcontainanyspecificChristiandoctrineandemphasizesontheharshnessofcircumstanceandthehelplessnessofhumansbeforethepoweroffate.Beowulfistherepresentative.●2.ReligiousPoetry（宗教诗）●ThereligiouspoetryisalsocalledChristianpoetry.Itismainlyonbiblicalstoriesandsaints’lives.ButsometimesthereisamixtureofChristianandpaganideasinthesepoems.ItisrepresentedbyCaedmonandCynewulf.●BritishLiteratureI1.ThePaganPoetry:TheSongofBeowulf《贝奥武甫之歌》i.Introductionii.Significanceof“Beowulf”iii.PoeticFormandFeaturesof“Beowulf”iv.Whatisanepic?BritishLiteratureITheSongofBeowulfBritishLiteratureIi.Introduction1.Itscharacters:Beowulf:nephewofHygelacHygelac:kingofYeatsinJutlandHrothgar:kingoftheDanesGrendel:amonsterGrendel’smother:she-monsterBritishLiteratureIIntroduction2.Itsplot:1)Beowulf’sfightwiththemonsterGrendelinHrothgar’shall(Heorot)2)Beowulf’sslayingofGrendel’smotherinherlair3)Beowulf’sreturntohisuncle,andhissuccessiontothethrone.4)Beowulf’svictoryindeath,fiftyyearslater,overthefiredragonBritishLiteratureITheStoryofBeowulfillustratedbythefollowing14pictures:BritishLiteratureIHrothgar,kingoftheDanesBritishLiteratureIHeorot(Themeadhall)BritishLiteratureIGrendel,themonsterBritishLiteratureIBeowulfwenttohelpHrothgarBritishLiteratureIThequeenfilledBeowulf'sCupBritishLiteratureIBeowulftoreoffGrendel’sarmandshoulder…BritishLiteratureITheshe-monsteralmostkilledBeowulf.BritishLiteratureIBeowulffinallysucceeded.BritishLiteratureIBeowulfruledthecountryforabout50years…BritishLiteratureITheFireDragonguardedthetreasure.Arunawayslavestolethetreasure…BritishLiteratureIBeowulfwenttofightwiththeFireDragon.BritishLiteratureIBeowulffoughtagainsttheFireDragon.BritishLiteratureIBeowulfwaswoundedanddied.BritishLiteratureITheykilledthedragonandgotthetreasure…BritishLiteratureIii．Significanceof“Beowulf”●Itisthelongest&finestofextantoldEnglishpoems&thenationalepicoftheEnglishpeople.Itsingsoftheexcitingadventuresofagreatlegendaryherowhosephysicalstrengthdemonstrateshishighspiritualqualities,i.e.hisresolutiontoservehiscountry&kinsfolk,histruecourage,courteousconduct,andhisloveofhonor.Inthepoem,Beowulfisstrong,courageous,selfless,andreadytoriskhislifeinordertoridhispeopleofevilmonsters.(Thematically,thispoemshowshowtheprimitivepeoplefightagainsttheforcesofthenaturalworldunderawise&mightyleader.)BritishLiteratureIiii.PoeticFormandFeaturesof“Beowulf”●Form:Beowulfwaswritteninalliterativeverse(头韵).●Features:(1)Theuseofalliterationisoneofitsmoststrikingfeatures.(Inalliterativeverse,certainstressedwordsinalinebeginwiththesameconsonantsound.Thereare4stressesinalinegenerally,threeortwoofwhichshowalliteration,ascanbeseenfromthelinesfromtheendofthepoem:●“ThusmadetheirmourningthemenofGreatland,●Fortheirhero’spassing,hishearth-companions●Quoththatofallthekingsofearth,●Ofmenhewasthemildestandmostbeloved,●Tohiskinthekindest,keenesttopraise.”(Inmoderntranslation)BritishLiteratureIFeaturesof“Beowulf”●(2)Theuseofcompound-words(kennings)toserveasmetaphors:“Ring-giver”isusedforking,“hearth-companion”forhisattendantwarriors,“swan’sbath”or“whale’sroad”forsea,“sea-wood”forship,thesoldiersarecalledshield-men;thechieftainsarecalledthetreasurekeepers;human-bodyisreferredtoasthebone-house;Godiscalledwonder-wielder;monsterisreferredtoassoul-destroyer，“bird’sjoy”referstothewing,“sky’scandle”referstothesun,etc.(Suchmetaphorsoccuringreatnumbers.)BritishLiteratureI(3)Theuseofunderstatements(抑言陈述)oreuphemism(委婉语)●Theuseofunderstatementsgivesanimpressionofreserve,andattimes,atingeofironicalhumor.Thisqualityisoftenregardedasapermanentc