副词与形容词的用法

副词和形容词一、形容词的用法1.形容词修饰名词，并且放在名词的前面，这时形容词在句子中作定语例如:abeautifullady、atallman、abighouseAbeautifulladyisstandinginfrontofatallman.2.形容词放在be动词的后面，这时形容词在句子中作表语/主语补足语。例如：Theladyistall.(tall在句子中作表语，说明lady是怎么样的)Thebeautifulladyistall.(beautiful在句子中作定语，tall作表语)Thebeautifulladyistallandslim.3.形容词放在连系动词(become成为、seem看起来、taste尝起来、look看起来、smell闻起来、feel摸起来/感觉、turn变成，等等)后面，在句子中作表语/主语补足语。例如：Theleaf(叶子)turnedyellow.树叶变黄了。Shelooksbeautiful./Helookshandsome.她看起来漂亮。/他看来帅气。Thefoodtastegood.这些食物好吃。Thesweaterfeelssoft.(柔软的；舒服的)Hebecomescareful.(小心的)他变得小心了。Theflowersmellsverygood.花闻起来很香。Everythingseemsgood.一切看起来都好。二、副词的用法1.副词修饰动词，并且通常放在实义动词后面，这是副词在句子中作方式状语。例如：Themanrunsfast.(fast修饰runs这个动作)Shejumpshigh.(high修饰jump这个动作)Hefinishedhishomeworkquickly.(quickly修饰finished这个动作)2.副词修饰形容词，并且通常放在形容词的前面例如：Hebecomesveryhandsome.Shelooksverybeautiful.Theladyisverytallandslim.在“副词+形容词”这样的结构中，中心词是形容词，副词只是为了说明程度大小即：veryhandsome的中心词是handsome3.副词前面也可以加副词，例如上面的句子都可以改写成：Themanrunsveryfast.Shejumpsveryhigh.Hefinishedhishomeworkveryquickly.very本身是副词，意思是“非常，很”，所以后面也可以跟副词或者形容词。三、填形容词还是副词？动词后面一般都跟副词，但不是所有动词后面都跟副词，实义动词后面跟副词，连系动词后面跟形容词。例如：Shesingsbeautifully.(sing是实义动词，beautiful用来说明唱得如何)Tomdrawswell.(draw是实义动词，well用来说明画得如何)Myteacherisyoungandtall.(is是系动词，后面跟形容词)Shelookssad.(look是连系动词，后面跟形容词)**还有一些不是连系动词的词，例如make和get，要根据句子的意思判断填形容词还是副词。区分：Heismakingakitecarefully.(carefully用来修饰make这个动词)Hemadetheteacherangry.(angry是指theteacher，而不是修饰make这个动词)Thestudentgotquietwhentheteachercamein.(quiet是指thestudent，而不是修饰got这个动词)Igetupearly.(early修饰动词getup)Sheleavestheroomquickly.(quickly修饰leave这个动词)Pleaseleavethedooropen.(open是指thedoor，而不是修饰leave这个动词)于是有词组：makesb+adj.leavesb+adj.get+adj因此，填形容词还是副词，首先要弄清楚句子的意思，判断所修饰的成分是名词/代词还是动词，修饰前者的用形容词，修饰后者的用副词。四、形容词和副词分别长什么样子？1.形容词的词尾通常有ing/ful/ed/yinteresting、tiring、boring、exciting、surprising、amazing（与物有关）interested、tired、bored、excited、surprised、amazed（与人有关）careful、hopeful、wonderful、helpful、colorful、meaningful、beautifulrainy、windy、cloudy、dry、messy、easy、funny、busy、angry区分：Thechildrenwereexcitedwhentheyheardtheexcitingnews.Themanwastired(劳累的)afterdoingsomanytiring(累人的)jobs.**但是在interesting与interested中，形容人或物的都用interesting，而interested常以词组beinterestedin的形式出现，表示“对…感兴趣”。Thestoryisinteresting./Theteacherisinteresting.Iaminterestedinreading.2.副词的词尾通常是ly，但亦有一些不以ly结尾的副词。badly、surprisingly、carefully、hopefully、quickly、greatly、possibly（通常是由形容词加ly变来）hard（努力地）、well（好）、high（高）、fast（快地）、pretty(十分，非常)、verymuch/alot（非常）alittle(一点)3.有些词既是形容词也是副词hardadj.硬的adv.努力地earlyadj.早的adv.早地highadj.&adv.高welladj.健康地adv.好Idoesn’tfeelwell.我觉得不舒服。Welldone.做得好lateadj.迟的adv.迟belatefor(school)(上学)迟到五、形容词变副词的规律规则变化范围变化规则例词大部分形容词加lycareless----carelessly、quiet----quietlydifferent----differently以le结尾的形容词去e加lypossible----possibly、terrible----terriblycomfortable----comfortably、gentle----gentlysimple----simply、true----truly以y结尾的形容词变y为ilyeasy----easily、angry----angrilynoisy----noisily、happy----happilyheavy----heavily、healthy----healthily不规则变化本身既是形容词也是副词，无需改变fast----fast、early----early、high----highhard----hard、late----late、far----farwide----wide、alone----alone形容词和副词为完全不同的单词good----well虽然以ly结尾，但却是形容词，不能直接用来修饰动词friendly、lively、lovely、lonely、likely有些形容词本身即为副词，同时也有加ly的副词形式。但加不加ly意思不一样，使用时需注意wide(形容词，宽阔的，睁大的)----wide(副词，睁大地)/widely(副词，广泛地),late(形容词，晚的)-----late(副词，晚地)，lately（最近）high(形容词，高的)----high(副词，高地)/highly(副词，高度地)特别容易犯错的副词形容词副词备注hardhardhard副词容易写成hardly,hardly意思为“几乎不”，与hard无任何关系friendly无不能用friendly直接修饰动词，只能改成inafriendlyway“用一种友好的方式”。如：Hesmiledatmeinafriendlyway.excitedexcitedly容易拼错healthyhealthily容易拼错politepolitely不用去掉字母e。类似的词还有：widely,nicely,closely,1.Lookatthechildrenontheplayground.Theyareflyingkites________(happy).3.Whydoyouthinkyoudidso___________(bad)inyourtest?5.Wecan__________(easy)forgiveachildwhoisafraidofthedark,butwecan’tforgiveanadultwhoisafraidofthelight.6.Congratulations!You’veansweredallthequestions_________(correct).7.Thecomputeris______(wide)usedinourdailylife.Wecandomanythingswithit.8.IchangedintomysportsshoessothatIcouldwalkmore____________(comfortable).9.Marypassedherexaminationbecauseshestudiedvery________(hard).10.“Whydidn’tyoutellmeearlier?”Thebossshouted_______(hungry).12.It’s___(true)possiblethatrobotteacherswillbepopularinschoolssomeday.13.How_________(comfortable)thegiantpandasarelivinginTaiwan!14.MissXusmiledandsaidtome________(soft),“Nevermind,myboy!”15.Lastnightitrained__________(heavy)inthesouthernpartofthecity.17.Simonhatestobelikeothers,heoftentirestodoeverything______(different).19.Thechildrenclappedtheirhands_________(excited)assoonastheastronautsappearedonthestage.20.Tomhadanaccidentyesterday.Histeachersenthimtothehospital____(quick).21.Weshouldspeaktotheoldman_________(polite)23.I’m_______(true)sorryIcan’tgowithyou.Ihavealottodothisafternoon.25.Hisfatherwaslooking_________(angry)athimbecausehehadmadeaseriousmistake.26.Mikewalked_______(quiet)intotheroomnottowakeuphisgrandpa.27.How_______(quick)Bettyansweredtheteacher’squestion!28.Thefiremenhavesavedtheboyfromthefire____________(successful).29.Sheisan__________teacherbecausesheoftentells___________stori