专升本英语讲义

《2011专升本公共英语》讲义董琳2011.3.11英语语法框架第一章词法（十大词类）实词1.名词2.动词3.形容词4.副词5.代词6.数词虚词7.连词8.介词9.冠词10.感叹词第二章句法按语气分类1.陈述句2.疑问句3.祈使句4.感叹句按结构分类1.简单句2.并列句3.复合句第三章主谓一致第四章前置与倒装第五章It的用法第六章省略句第七章词汇法（合成词、派生词、转化词、混合词）第八章标点符号（逗号、句号、分号、冒号、引号、撇号、省略号、破折号、连字符、问号、感叹号、斜线）第九章国际音标英语语法项目细则第一部分一、名词1.名词的分类：可数名词与不可数名词普通名词与专有名词物质名词与抽象名词个体名词与集体名词单一名词与合成名词2.名词的单数与复数3.名词的单数变为复数的规则：规则名词、不规则名词与复合名词4.名词的所有格（两种）:Tom’sbook;afriendofmine5.名词的句法功能：主语、宾语、同位语、表语、定语二、动词1.动词的分类：单一动词与短语动词及物动词与不及物动词谓语动词与非谓语动词情态动词与半情态动词助动词2.动词的时态（十六种）3.动词的语态（主动语态与被动语态）4.动词的语气：陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气、感叹语气5.动词的句法功能6.动词的非谓语形式：不定式、动名词、分词7.非谓语动词的句法功能三、代词1.代词的分类：人称代词（主格、宾格）物主代词（形容词性、名词性）、指示代词相互代词反身代词不定代词疑问代词关系代词2.代词的句法功能四、数词1.数词的分类：基数词与序数词2.基数词与序数词的构成3.基数词与序数词的句法功能4.百分比5.小数6.分数7.倍数8.年份、月份、日期9.时刻10.岁数、年代与世纪11.数学算式与编号表示法五、形容词与副词1.形容词的句法功能与位置2.副词的句法功能与位置3.副词的种类：程度副词、频率副词、方式副词、时间副词、地点副词、评注性副词、逻辑性副词、疑问副词、连接副词、关系副词4.形容词与副词的比较等级：原级、比较级、最高级5.形容词的句法顺序6.带-ly和不带-ly的副词六、介词1.介词的分类：单一介词、介词短语2.介词的句法功能3.介词的种类：表示时间、表示方位、表示手段、表示材料、表示原因、表示关于七、连词1.连词的意义和用法八、冠词1.冠词的种类：a、an、the2.冠词的用法九、感叹词1.常用感叹词第二部分句法简单句1.简单句的五种基本句型主语+谓语主语+谓语+宾语主语+系动词+表语主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语主语+谓语+主语补足语Therebe句型Examples1.Imustgo.Igotoschoolbybus.2.Ieatanapple.(回答“什么”)Iloveyouverymuch.(回答“谁”)Theyaredealingwiththeproblems.Scientistsoftenobserveanimalsinlabs.3.Wearestudents.Insummer,meatgoesbadeasily.(go,stand,get,become,turn,remain,prove…)Theclothfeelssoft.(sound,taste,feel,look,smell+形容词)4.Iseehimcrossingthestreet.WehaveelectedMarytobeourmonitor.TheyhelpusstudyEnglish.5.Thesunrisesred.Themanwaslyingonthegrounddead.6.Thereisatree.Therearethreepeopleinmyfamily.Therewillbeagreatchange.Therehavebeenmanypeoplewhoconcernme.状语的种类1.时间Intheearly1900s,fewcancerpatientshadanyhopeoflong-termsurvival.2.地点Spanishistheofficiallanguageofmorecountriesintheworld.3.目的Astronautswearheatshieldsforprotectionoutsidethespaceship.4.程度Thankyouverymuch.Ientirelyagreewithyouropinion.5.频率HewenttoEnglishclasstwiceaweek.6.方式Heistallasyou.Thegirlenteredtheroomquietlyandslowly.7.逻辑Hence,weshouldprotectourplanetearth.(结论)Moreover,wemusttryourbesttodoso.(递进)Theearth,however,aregettingbiggerandbigger.(转折)8.评注Franklyspeaking,Idon’tlikeyou.Itmaybehappens.9.结果Hewenttheretofindthetrainhadgone.10.原因TheboycameallthewayfromCanadajustforyou.11.条件Weatherpermitting,wewenttothepark.12.让步Wewerestillworkingthoughitwasdark.13.插入Believeitornot,Iwillsupportyou.宾语的三种形式（动词、形容词、介词）1.Ibelieveyou.Iagreewithyou.Iconcludethatweshouldstudyharderthanbefore.2.IamsorrythatIamlateagain.Iamsurethatyouwillwinthegame.3.Weshouldbeawareofthefact.Theyarguemuchinwhethertheyshoulddoitornot.Pleaseanalyzethefollowingsentences1.Theroomupstairsisempty.2.Johnisoldenoughtojointhearmy.3.Surelywewillhelpyou.4.Ihaveenoughmoneytobuythehouse.5.Hehasmadeasmuchprogressashisclassmates.6.Thisisarathertoughproblem.7.Ifoundhimaway.8.Icanhearyouspeakloudandclear.9.Icanhearyouspeakloudlyandclearly.10.Youmuststandfirm.11.Hisremarksleftmewonderingabouthisrealpurpose.12.Ifoundthecitygreatlychanged.2.简单句的种类按语气分类：陈述句：肯定与否定疑问句：一般疑问句、特殊疑问句选择疑问句、反意疑问句祈使句：肯定与否定感叹句：How引导与What引导按结构分类：简单句并列句复合句：名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句）定语从句状语从句（时间、地点、原因、结果、条件、目的、让步、方式、比较）2010年度专升本公共英语考点分析PartⅠVocabularyandStructure(1x40)Directions:Thereare40incompletesentencesinthispart.ForeachsentencetherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.ChoosetheONEthatbestcompletesthesentence,andthenyoushouldmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheet.1.Thefiremusthave_______aftertheshopwasclosed.动词辨析A.brokenoutB.brokendownC.brokeninD.brokenthrough2.Heis_______jointhearmy.不定式A.tooyoungtoB.enoughyoungtoC.veryyoungtoD.youngenoughto3.Finallyhegottimeforaglance_______thisreport.介词A.offB.roundC.onD.at4.Yourideaseemstobegoodbutitisn’t_______.形容词辨析A.practicalB.possibleC.plentifulD.precious5.Heenjoys_______popmusicwhileIpreferclassicalmusic.动名词A.tolistentoB.tolistenC.listeningD.listeningto6.Whenthelittlegirlawoke,shefoundherself_______byagroupofsoldiers.分词A.surroundB.besurroundedC.beingsurroundedD.beingsurrounding7.Themanagerlosthis_______justbecausehissecretarywastenminuteslate.名词A.moodB.temperC.mindD.passion8.Thereareseveralcharacteristicsofthetextbook_______attention.形容词A.worthwhileB.worthofC.worthyD.worthyof9.Thenewbuilding_______alltheotherbuildingsinthetown.动词辨析A.dwarfsB.distortsC.desertsD.depresses10.Ipassedthetest.I_______itwithoutyourhelp.虚拟语气A.wouldnotpassB.wouldn’thavepassedC.didn’tpassD.hadnotpassed11.TheInternethasbrought_______bigchangesinthewaywework.介词A.aboutB.outC.backD.up12.Thefatherwritesinhiswillthateverysonanddaughter_______ashareofhisproperty.主谓一致A.hasB.tohaveC.havingD.have13.Hehurriedtothehospital,only_______hisfatherhadjustdied.不定式A.totellB.tobetoldC.tellingD.told14._______tomorrow,hewouldbeabletoseetheopeningceremony.虚拟语气A.WouldhecomeB.IfhecomesC.WashecomingD.Werehetocome15.Thespeakercouldhardlyfindsafeground_______hisarguments.引导词+不定式（定语）A.onwhichtobaseB.tobaseonC.onthebaseD.whichtobaseon16.Heisamanwhoisalways_______faultwithotherpeople.动词辨析A.puttingB.seekingC.findingD.lookingfor17.Thefactoryhadto_______anumberofemployeesbecauseoftheeconomiccrisisinthecountry.动词辨析A.layoutB.layoffC.layasid