2019年高中英语 Module 4 Which English Section Ⅰ Introdu

TherearemanyevolvingregionalBritishandAmericanaccents,sotheterms“Britishaccent”and“Americanaccent”aretoosimple.WhatmanyAmericansthinkofasthetypical“Britishaccent”isReceivedPronunciation(RP),alsoknownasBBCEnglish.Whatmostpeoplethinkofasan“Americanaccent”，ormostAmericansthinkofas“noaccent”，istheGeneralAmerican(GenAm)accent.EnglishcolonistsarrivedinAmericain1607.BythetimewehadrecordingsofboththeAmericansandtheBritish,thesoundsofEnglishspokenintheOldWorldandNewWorldwerequitedifferent.We'relookingatasilentgapofabout300years,sowecan'tsayexactlywhenAmericansfirststartedtosoundnoticeablydifferentfromtheBritish.OnebigdifferenceintheaccentsisthattheGeneralAmericanaccentisrhotic(发r音的)andspeakerspronouncethe“r”inwords.TheBBC­typeBritishaccentisnon­rhotic,andspeakersdon'tpronouncethe“r”，leaving“hard”soundingmorelike“hahd”.BeforeandduringtheAmericanRevolution,theEnglish,bothinEnglandandinthecolonies,mostlyspokewitharhoticaccent.Aroundtheturnofthe19thcentury,notlongaftertherevolution,non­rhoticspeechtookoffinsouthernEngland,especiallyamongtheupperandupper­middleclasses.Itwasasignifierofclassandstatus.BecausetheBritishaccentwaseasytounderstand,itspreadacrossEnglandandtheempire.Withlanguagechangingquickly,theGeneralAmericanaccentisnowhardtofindinthisregion.WithNewYork,Philadelphia,Pittsburgh,andChicagodevelopingtheirownuniqueaccents,GenAmnowgenerallyexistsinasmallsectionoftheMidwestofAmerica.Ofcourse,thereareregionalexceptionstoboththesegeneralAmericanandBritishsounds.SomeoftheaccentsofsoutheasternEngland,plustheaccentsofScotlandandIreland,arerhotic.SomeareasoftheAmericanSoutheast,plusBoston,arenon­rhotic.Section_ⅠIntroduction_&_Reading_—_Pre­reading[原文呈现][读文清障]WhichEnglish?Whenyoureceiveaphonecallfromafriend,howlongdoesittakeyoutoknowwhoitis？①①When引导时间状语从句，主句中含有固定句式：Ittakessb.sometimetodosth.“某人花多长时间做某事”。whoitis为宾语从句，用陈述语序。[原文呈现][读文清障]Afewseconds,perhaps.Thequalityofsomeone'svoiceandtheirchoiceofwordsmakeapersoninstantly②recognisable③，eventhoughyoucan'tseehimorher④.②instantly/'Instəntli/adv.立即，马上③recognisable/'rekəgˌnaIzəbl/adj.能辨认的，能认出的④eventhough引导让步状语从句。[原文呈现][读文清障]Inthissense⑤everybody'suseoflanguage—whetherEnglish,Chinese,oranyother—isdifferent.Youcouldsaythatthereareasmanyvarietiesof⑥English,oranyotherlanguageforthatmatter⑦，astherearespeakersofit.⑤inthissense从这种意义上说⑥varietiesof＝various各种各样的⑦forthatmatter在那方面，就此而论[原文呈现][读文清障]Englishisspokenasanofficiallanguageinmorethan⑧60countriesacrosstheworldanditcansound⑨verydifferentfromplacetoplace⑩.Pronunciation,aswellas⑪grammarandvocabulary,canchangeveryquicklyfromoneareatoanother.⑧morethan(＝over)超过，多于⑨sound听起来。此处soundverydifferent构成系表结构。⑩fromplacetoplace＝fromoneplacetoanother⑪aswellas(＝inadditionto)以及[原文呈现][读文清障]Forexample,withinLondonthemostfamousdialect⑫iscockney⑬.Itisonlyusuallyspokenbypeoplefromtheeastofthatcityso⑭itisnottheonlyformofEnglishyouwillhear⑮.YoucanusuallytellwhichpartoftheEnglish­speakingworldsomeonecomesfrombytheiraccent⑯，andtherearesomeveryrecognisableaccentsalloverBritain.⑰ItisalsoquiteeasytotellBritishandAmericanEnglishapart⑱.⑫dialect/'daIəlekt/n.方言，地方话⑬cockney/'kɒkni/n.伦敦东区土话⑭so“因此，所以”，是并列连词，表示因果关系。⑮youwillhear是定语从句，修饰theonlyformofEnglish，关系代词that省略。⑯bytheiraccent根据他们的口音⑰本句中it是形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式短语。⑱tell...apart区分开[原文呈现][读文清障]AlthoughmostpeoplebelievethereisarightandawrongwaytospeakEnglish⑲，thereisnotreallyastandardform⑳thateveryonecanagreeon○21.Englishspreadacrosstheworldoverhundredsofyearsbecauseof○22trade,explorationandbusiness,andthisprocessproducedmanydifferentEnglishes.⑲Although引导让步状语从句，该从句中又含有一个宾语从句。⑳that引导定语从句，修饰先行词form。○21agreeon指“(双方或多方协商后)在……方面取得一致意见”。○22becauseof后跟名词(短语)或代词。because后跟句子。[原文呈现][读文清障]Professorsoflinguistics○23，writersandteachersallworryaboutprovidingaperfectmodeltofollow○24butasitissowidelyspoken○25，ithasbecomeimpossibletosaywhichEnglishis“correct”andwhichis“incorrect”○26.○23linguisticsn．语言学○24tofollow作后置定语，修饰model。○25asitissowidelyspoken是原因状语从句。○26and连接两个which引导的宾语从句，作say的宾语。[原文呈现][读文清障]Perhapscorrectnessdoesn'tmatter○27—aslongas○28speakerscanunderstandeachother—○29it'scommunicationthatcounts○30.○27matter/'mætə/v.重要，要紧；有关系○28aslongas只要，引导条件状语从句，也可写作solongas。○29强调句型，被强调部分是communication。○30count/kaʊnt/v.很重要；很有价值(＝tobeimportant/valuable)哪种英语？[第1～3段译文]当你接到朋友的电话的时候，你要花多久才能知道对方是谁？或许几秒钟而已。一个人的音质及措词都能让这个人立即被辨认出来，即使你看不见他/她。从这种意义上说，每个人对语言的使用——不管是英语、汉语，或者其他任何语言——都是不同的。你可以说，英语，或者就此而论，任何别的语言，有多少使用者，就有多少种变体。英语在全世界六十多个国家被作为官方语言使用，而且各地的英语听起来差别会很大。发音、语法、词汇在不同的地方都可能会很快发生变化。例如，在伦敦，最著名的方言是cockney(伦敦腔)。通常仅仅是伦敦东部的人说这种方言，因此它绝不是你能听到的唯一一种英语。根据口音，你能够分辨出人们来自英语世界的哪个地区，而在英国各地也有一些非常明显的口音。要把英式英语和美式英语区分开也很容易。尽管大多数人都相信说英语的方式有正确与错误之分，但是确实没有一种人人都认同的标准模式。几百年来由于贸易、探险以及商业的发展，英语已传播到世界各地，在此进程中产生了许多不同种类的英语。语言学教授、作家以及教师都在为提供一种完美的模式而忧虑，但是，由于英语使用如此之广，要想说出哪种英语正确和哪种英语错误已经变得不可能。也许正确与否不要紧——只要说话的人互相明白就行——重要的是交流本身。[原文呈现][读文清障]○31orrather更确切地说(常用作插入语)○32此处是动词不定式的省略形式。为避免重复，作宾语或谓语的一部分的动词不定式再次出现时，往往省略，只保留动词不定式符号to。○33sentthere...是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰prisoners。AustraliaG'day!D'yaspeakStrine?Orrather○31，Hello!DoyouspeakAustralian?Australiaisoneoftheyoungestnationsintheworld.ThefirstEnglishsp