2020届高考英语二轮复习 写作中的高级表达 妙记8 言简意明的非谓语动词和with without

-1-妙记8言简意明的非谓语动词和with/without复合结构众所周知，作文中出现过多的简单句会让人觉得单调乏味，句子与句子之间的关系显得松散；而文章中过多地出现复合句又显得累赘，读起来费劲。而恰当地运用非谓语动词对简单句和复合句进行转换，不仅显得句式多样，句子活泼，而且读起来结构紧凑，言简意明。一、运用非谓语动词转换简单句写作时，我们可以利用非谓语动词对两个简单句进行转换，使其成为较高级的表达方式。①Iwanttoimprovemyselfbyreadingsomebooks.ThebookswerewrittenintheTangDynasty.→IwanttoimprovemyselfbyreadingsomebookswrittenintheTangDynasty.我想通过读一些书来提高自己，这些书是在唐朝时期写的。②MountTaistandsinShandongProvince.Ithaslongbeenapopulartouristattraction,withmanyChineselegendarystoriesattachedtoit.→StandinginShandongProvince,MountTaihaslongbeenapopulartouristattraction,withmanyChineselegendarystoriesattachedtoit.(2017·北京高考书面表达)泰山位于山东省。它一直是一个受欢迎的旅游景点，有许多中国传奇故事。[即时演练]用非谓语动词进行句型转换1．Allthepeopleherelikethenovel.ItiswrittenbyTom.→All_the_people_here_like_the_novel_written_by_Tom.(用过去分词作定语)2．Theboycametoschoollateagain.Thismadetheteacherveryangry.→The_boy's_coming_to_school_late_again_made_the_teacher_very_angry.(用动名词作主语)3．Thestudentsweremakingthemostoftime.Theywantedtofinishthehomeworkearlier.→The_students_were_making_the_most_of_time_so_as_to_finish_the_homework_earlier.(用动词不定式作目的状语)二、运用非谓语动词转换复合句用非谓语动词转换复合句比转换简单句要容易一些，因为需转换的一般是从句部分，这时只需要判断用何种非谓语动词，再把握好时态和语态即可。①IhavebeentakingexerciseandreadingbooksaswellasonlinematerialsaboutTianjinsothatIwillbebothphysicallyandmentallyqualifiedforthisjob.→Inordertobebothphysicallyandmentallyqualifiedforthisjob,IhavebeentakingexerciseandreadingbooksaswellasonlinematerialsaboutTianjin.(2017·天-2-津高考书面表达)我一直在锻炼，阅读书籍和有关天津的网上资料，这样我在身体上和精神上都能胜任这项工作。②BecauseIthoughtthathissolutionmightbewrong,Icarefullyanalyzedtheproblemandtriedtoworkitoutinadifferentway.→Thinkingthathissolutionmightbewrong,Icarefullyanalyzedtheproblemandtriedtoworkitoutinadifferentway.(2015·湖北高考短文写作)因为我认为他的解决办法可能是错误的，我仔细分析了这个问题，并试图用另一种方法来解决它。[即时演练]用非谓语动词进行句型转换1．(2015·广东高考满分作文)Ifitiscarriedoutcontinuously,itwillbenefitallofusgreatlyandwearesuretomakeobviousprogress.→Carried_out_continuously,_it_will_benefit_all_of_us_greatly_and_we_are_sure_to_make_obvious_progress.2．(2014·山东高考写作)Whenwearefacedwithdifficulties,weneedfriendstogiveuscomfortandhelp.→Faced_with_difficulties,_we_need_friends_to_give_us_comfort_and_help.3．(2014·浙江高考书面表达)WhenIknowthatourlibraryisgoingtobuysomebooks,I'dliketogivesomesuggestions.→Knowing_that_our_library_is_going_to_buy_some_books,_I'd_like_to_give_some_suggestions.4．(2013·湖南高考满分作文)Afterwehadpracticedplayingbasketballforalmosttwomonths,westronglydesiredtobethewinner.→Havingpracticedplayingbasketballforalmosttwomonths,westronglydesiredtobethewinner.三、非谓语动词的常用句型1．remaintobedone“有待于被……”Manyquestionshavetobesettledandmuchremainstobedoneinoureducationalwork.我们的教育工作中还有许多问题要解决，还有许多事情要去做。2．疑问词＋todoToallofyou,freshstudents,howtoadaptyourselftothenewenvironmentisthefirstthingthatyouhavetoface.(2014·江西高考满分作文)对你们所有新同学来说，如何使自己适应新的环境是必须要面对的首要问题。-3-3．连词when/while/once/unless/although...＋doing/doneWe'lltakethebookswhenparticipatingintheSummerCampthisJulytoyourschool.(2015·天津高考书面表达)我们将于今年7月赴你们学校参加夏令营时带去(赠)书。4．easy/difficult/hard...todo...Somebadhabitssuchassmokinganddrinkingaren'teasytogetridof.像吸烟、酗酒等一些坏习惯不容易改掉。5．prefertodo...ratherthando.../wouldratherdo...thando.../woulddo...ratherthando...“宁愿做……，而不愿做……”Nowadayssometeenagersprefertochatwithstrangersonlineratherthantalkwiththeirparentsfacetoface.如今，一些青少年宁愿在网上与陌生人闲谈也不愿与父母面对面交谈。6．havingdone...“已经……”Havingspentnearlyallourmoney,wecouldn'taffordtostayatahotel.(2014·江西高考单选)我们几乎把所有的钱都花光了，没有钱住宾馆了。7．bydoing...“通过做……”Undertheenvironmentoffiercecompetition,theonlywayhecouldimaginetohandlestresswastogettougherbymakinggreaterefforts.在竞争激烈的环境下，他唯一能想到的应对压力的方式就是通过更加努力使自己变得更坚强。8．onlytodosth.(表示出乎意料的结果)“不料，竟然……”What'sworse,IfoundmyselfhavingafeverthismorningandIwenttotheclinicforimmediatetreatment,onlytobeadvisedtostayinbedforthreedays.更糟糕的是，今天早晨我发现自己发烧，立刻去诊所治疗，不料被建议卧床休息三天。9．judgingby/from...“根据……判断”Judgingfromtheexpressiononherface,shemusthavenewsofgreatexcitementtotellus.从她脸上的神情看，她一定有非常令人兴奋的消息要告诉我们。10．comparedwith/to...“与……比较”Comparedtothetraditionalshoes,theyhavethreenewuniquefunctions.(2014·湖南高考满分作文)与传统的鞋子相比，它们有三个新的独特功能。11．besaid/reported/considered...todo...“据说/报道/认为……”-4-Theboyissaidtohavelearned2,000wordsbyheartsofar.据说那个男孩到目前为止已背了2000个单词。[即时演练]用非谓语动词补全句子1．(2016·天津高考书面表达)回顾过去的两周，我们忍不住想起了我们在课堂上进行的那些激烈的讨论。Looking_back_on_the_past_two_weeks,_wecan'thelpthinkingoftheheateddiscussionswehadinclass.2．已经排队等了半个小时，这个老人突然想起他把飞机票落在车里了。Having_waitedinthequeueforhalfanhour,theoldmansuddenlyrealizedhehadlefttheplaneticketinthecar.3．当参加重要的考试时，对一个学生来说，保持一个好的心态是很重要的。It'sveryimportantforastudenttokeepupagoodstateofmindwhile_taking_important_exams.四、用“with/without复合结构”简化句子写作时，我们可以利用with/without复合结构让句子结构紧凑，言简意明。①AstheEarthDaywasapproaching,alotofposterswereputuparoundourschooltocallonustojoinintheactionsforagreenerearth.→WiththeEarthDayapproaching,alotofposterswereputuparoundourschooltocallonustojoinintheactionsforagreenerearth.(2016·北京高考书面表达)随着“地球日”的临近，我们学校里张贴了许多海报，号召我们为绿色地球采取行动。②Inthepicture,aboyinwornclothessitsbesideawoodentableandthereareapileofbamboobooksonit.→Inthepicture,aboyinwornclothessitsbesi