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TheBritishmalewriters英国男作家GROUP8:杨建文李丽萍和倩云SixperiodsofEnglishLiterature:1、Themedievaltimes(中世纪)2、TheRenaissance(文艺复兴)3、Theneoclassical(新古典主义)4、TheRomanticism(浪漫主义)5、TheVitoriatimes(维多利亚时代)6、TwentiethCentury(20世纪)中世纪代表人物Therepresentative杰弗里.乔叟GeoffreyChaucerJeffreyChaucer(GeoffreyChaucer,1342-1400),thefamousmedievalEnglishwriter,wasborninahomewine.In1359withtheEdwardSansFrenchexpeditionaryforce,wascapturedbytheFrencharmy,neartogoldredemption.SinceChaucerChamberlain,tomanyEuropeancountries,twicevisitedItaly,foundDante,BioandPytlak'sworks,playedagreatroleonhisliterarycreation.Representativeworks:Canterburytales,theotherworksofthebookoftheDuchessthereputationofthepalacebirds(TheParliamentofFowlesConference),virtuouswomen(TheLegendofGo)杰弗里·乔叟(1342年—1400年),英国中世纪著名作家,出生于一个酒商家庭。1359年随爱德华三世的部队远征法国,被法军俘虏,不久以黄金赎回。乔叟当过国王侍从,出使许多欧洲国家,两度访问意大利,发现了但丁、薄伽丘和彼特拉克的作品,对他的文学创作起了极大的作用。代表作:《坎特伯雷故事集》其他作品《公爵夫人之书》、《声誉之宫》、《百鸟会议》、《贤妇传说》Creativeperiod(创作期)1、Frenchinfluenceperiod(法国影响时期)2、Italyinfluenceperiod(意大利影响时期)3、Thematureperiod(成熟时期)1、Frenchinfluenceperiod(法国影响时期)(1360~1372):themaintranslationandimitatetheFrenchpoet,wrotemourningtheDuchess(TheBookoftheDuchess(1369)),withLondondialecttranslationofFrenchMedievalepicpoemRomanceoftheroseetc..(1360~1372):主要翻译并仿效法国诗人的作品,创作了《悼公爵夫人》(TheBookoftheDuchess(1369)),用伦敦方言翻译了法国中世纪长篇叙事诗《玫瑰传奇》等。2、Italyinfluenceperiod(意大利影响时期)(1372~1386):progressivethoughtpoetcontactbourgeoishumanism.CreationofthisperiodSuchasbirds,meetingTroyLesandClareWest(TroilusandCriseyde(C.1385)),goodwoman,reflectstherealityoflifeorientedcreativeattitudeandhumanisticview.(1372~1386):诗人接触了资产阶级人文主义的进步思想。这一时期的创作如《百鸟会议》、《特罗伊勒斯和克莱西德》(TroilusandCriseyde(c.1385))、《好女人的故事》,反映了作者面向生活现实的创作态度和人文主义观点。3、Thematureperiod(成熟时期)(1386~1400):Chaucerinthelast15yearsengagedinCanterburytalescreation.Inbothcontentandskillshavereachedthepeakofhiswriting.HepioneeredtheheroiccoupletiswidelyadoptedbytheEnglishpoet,knownasthefatherofEnglishpoetry.(1386~1400):乔叟在这最后15年里从事《坎特伯雷故事集》的创作。无论在内容和技巧上都达到他创作的顶峰。他首创的英雄双韵体为以后的英国诗人所广泛采用,被誉为“英国诗歌之父”。Worksappreciation(作品赏析)来吧,夏天,用你柔和的阳光Comeon,summer,withyourwarmsunshine对风雪交加的天气发动攻击,Theattackontheweatherinasnowstormisraging,赶得又长又黑的夜就此逃避!Catchthelongdarknighttoescape!圣瓦伦丁河啊,小鸟在为你歌唱,St.Valentine'sRiver,birdssingforyou,你戴着花冠坐在高高的云里:You'resittingonthehighinthecloudswithcorollawear:来吧,夏天,用你柔和的阳光Comeon,summer,withyourwarmsunshine对风雪交加的天气发动攻击。Theattackontheweatherinasnowstormisraging.那些鸟儿有理由不时地欢唱,Theyhavegoodreasontosing,因为它们在树丛里找到伴侣。Becausetheyfindamateinthebushes.啊,它们醒时唱得多幸福甜蜜:Ah,theywakeupandsinghappysweet:来吧,夏天,柔和的阳光Renaissancefigures(文艺复兴时期代表人物)ThomasMoore(托马斯.莫尔)WilliamShakespeare(威廉·莎士比亚)ThomasMoore(St.ThomasMoreandSirThomasMore,February7,1478July6,1535)founderoftheearlyutopiansocialismtheory,fullofwithumanistscholarandexperiencedpoliticians,withitsfamousUtopiaandmadehistory.托马斯·莫尔(St.ThomasMore又作SirThomasMore,1478年2月7日—1535年7月6日)欧洲早期空想社会主义学说的创始人,才华横溢的人文主义学者和阅历丰富的政治家,以其名著《乌托邦》而名垂史册。Academicworks(学术著作)Between1513and1518,themoireinEnglishandLatinwroteKingRichardIIIChronicles,thisisthefirstmasterpieceofBritishhistory,althoughnotyetfinalized,buttheinfluenceonthelatergenerations,Shakespeare'sdramaRichardSansistousethisbookmoireismodeled,successfullyportraysatyrant'simage.1513年至1518年间,莫尔用英文和拉丁文写了《国王理查三世本纪》,这是英国历史学的第一篇名著,虽然没有完稿,但对后世产生影响,莎士比亚的戏剧《理查三世》就是以莫尔的这本书为蓝本,成功地塑造了一个暴君的形象。UtopiaisamasterpieceofMoore,itsfullnameisaboutthemostperfectstateandUtopiaNiijima'sgoodandinterestinggoldbook,writtenin1515to1516inEurope,writteninLatin.ThebookdescribesafictionalnavigatornavigatingtoaQiXiangexoticUtopiatrip.UtopiacomesfromtheGreekword,whichmeansutopia.Mohr'sfirstuseittoexpressahappy,theidealstate,Mooresaid,Utopiaisanislandcountryinthesouthernhemisphere《乌托邦》一书是莫尔的不朽之作,它的全名是《关于最完美的国家制度和乌托邦新岛的既有益又有趣的金书》,写于1515年至1516年出使欧洲期间,用拉丁语写成。书中叙述一个虚构的航海家航行到一个奇乡异国乌托邦的旅行见闻。“乌托邦”一词来自希腊文,意即“乌有之乡”。莫尔第一次用它来表示一个幸福的、理想的国家,莫尔说,“乌托邦”是南半球的一个岛国There,societyisbasedoncommonownershipofproperty,thepeopleareequalintheeconomic,politicalpower,implementtheprincipleofdistributionaccordingtoneed.Citizenshavenoprivateproperty,everytenyearstoreplaceasecondaryhousing,wearuniformsandcitizens,inapublicrestaurant,everyonetookturnstorurallabortwoyears,officialselectedbysecretballot,nothereditaryposition.Residentsworksixhoursthatcanmeettheneedsofsociety,therestofthetimeinscience,art,wisdomgameactivities.Norelationshipbetweencommodityandcurrency,goldandsilverwasusedtomakeaurinaltoilet.Utopiaalsopracticemonogamyandreligiousfreedompolicy.在那里,社会的基础是财产公有制,人们在经济、政治权力方面都是平等的,实行按需分配的原则。公民们没有私有财产,每十年调换一次住房,穿统一的工作服和公民装,在公共餐厅就餐,每人轮流到农村劳动二年,官吏由秘密投票方式选举产生,职位不得世袭。居民每天劳动六小时即能满足社会需要,其余时间从事科学、艺术、智慧游戏活动。没有商品货币关系,金银被用来制造便桶溺器。乌托邦人也奉行一夫一妻制和宗教自由政策。Hisconclusionisclear:theprivateownershipistherootofallevilden.Theprivateownershipofthethebestofeverythingaretheworstpeople,whileothersarepoor.Therefore,onlythecompleteabolitionofprivateownership,wealthcangettheaveragedistributionjustice,humanbeingscanhavebenefits.Mooreinthehistoryofsocialismfirstproposedtheeliminationofprivateownership,theestablishmentofpublicow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