北大植物生物学课件第12讲 花

花的形态与结构MorphologyandStructureofFlowerPedicel花梗VariationofpedicellengthCherryblossomPeachflowers花托的类型TypesofReceptacles花被Perianth花被花被————指一朵花中花萼和花冠的总称指一朵花中花萼和花冠的总称zz双被花（二被花）双被花（二被花）doubledoubleperianthperianthflowerflower：：一一朵花中同时具有花萼和花冠朵花中同时具有花萼和花冠zz单被花单被花simplesimpleperianthperianthflowerflower：：仅有花萼没有仅有花萼没有花冠或花萼和花冠分化不明显花冠或花萼和花冠分化不明显zz无被花：一朵花中既没有花萼，也没有花冠无被花：一朵花中既没有花萼，也没有花冠Doubleperianthflower双被花Simpleperianthflower单被花：MagnoliadenudataNon-perianthialflower无被花：poplar杨树A:amaleflowerofpoplarB:amaleflowerwithstamensremoved1.Flowerdisc2.Bracts3.StamenApopulationofbuttercupAinflorescenceandflowersofabuttercupRegularoractinomorphicflowerBauhiniasp.羊蹄甲属植物IrregularorzygomorphicflowersStaminateandpistillateflowersoftan-barkoak雄蕊群Androeciumzz一朵花中所有雄蕊一朵花中所有雄蕊stemansteman的总称的总称雄蕊群雌蕊群雌蕊群Gynoecium雌蕊群雌蕊群————指一朵花中所有指一朵花中所有雌蕊雌蕊pistilpistil的总称。的总称。zz单雌蕊单雌蕊simplepistilsimplepistilzz离生雌蕊离生雌蕊apocarpousapocarpouspistilpistilzz合生雌蕊（复雌蕊）合生雌蕊（复雌蕊）syncarpoussyncarpouspistilpistil花序花序InflorescenceInflorescencezz花序花序————指一株植物上指一株植物上许多花按照一定的规律许多花按照一定的规律排列在总花柄上，总花排列在总花柄上，总花柄称花序轴。柄称花序轴。zz苞片苞片bractbractzz总苞总苞involucreinvolucrezz无限花序无限花序indefiniteindefiniteinflorescenceinflorescencezz有限花序有限花序definitedefiniteinflorescenceinflorescence总状花序穗状花序圆锥花序伞房花序伞形花序二歧聚伞柔荑花序头状螺状聚伞Racemesofmysorethorn（云实）Compoundumbels(复伞形花序)ofcarrotUmbelsofonionsunflowerdandelionSpikesofprince’sfeather荭草（苋科Amaranthaceae)CatkinsofChinesechestnutStrawberry花（桃树）的个体发育OntogenyofPeachFlower蔷薇科石楠属植物花及胚珠的发育DevelopmentofFlowerandOvuleinPhotinia不同发育时期马铃薯花的纵切图不同发育时期马铃薯花的纵切图LongitudinalSectionofPotatoFloweratDifferentDevelopmentalStagesFemaleMaleFormationofFemale/MaleGametophytes雄蕊Stamenzz雄蕊雄蕊zz花丝花丝filamentfilamentzz花药花药antheranther花药的发育和小孢子的发生花药的发育和小孢子的发生DevelopmentofAntherandDevelopmentofAntherandMicrosporogenesisMicrosporogenesiszz表皮表皮——来源于原表皮来源于原表皮zz孢原细胞孢原细胞药室内壁药室内壁周缘细胞周缘细胞中层中层绒毡层绒毡层造孢细胞造孢细胞//花粉母细胞花粉母细胞小孢子发生小孢子发生MicrosporogenesisMicrosporogenesis发育成熟的花药发育成熟的花药DevelopmentallyMatureAntherDevelopmentallyMatureAnther小孢子四分体和成熟花粉粒小孢子四分体和成熟花粉粒MicrosporeTetradandMaturePollenGrainMicrosporeTetradandMaturePollenGrain成熟花粉粒的外部形态成熟花粉粒的外部形态ExternalMorphologyofMaturePollenGrainsExternalMorphologyofMaturePollenGrainsPollengrainsofthehorsechestnut.Theporesofeachgrainthroughwhichapollentubemayemergeisvisible.Pollengrainsoflily.Therightoneindicatingthesculpturingofgrainwalls.microsporeTwo-celledstageThree-celledstageGenerativecellTubecellMaturepollengrainofLilium,atwo-celledmalegametophyte.百合花粉Maturepollengrains—three-celledmalegametophytesofthetelegraphplant,Silphium(Asteraceae)百合的雌蕊百合的雌蕊LilyLilyPistilPistil小麦的小穗和花小麦的小穗和花SpikeletSpikeletandFlowerofandFlowerofTriticumTriticumaestivumaestivumL.L.形态多样的柱头DifferentFormsofStigmas子房的位置和胎座子房的位置和胎座zz上位子房上位子房zz上位子房周位花上位子房周位花zz半下位子房半下位子房zz下位子房下位子房zz边缘胎座边缘胎座zz侧膜胎座侧膜胎座zz中轴胎座中轴胎座zz特立中央胎座特立中央胎座Daffodil(Narcissussp.)flower水仙花PositionoftheovaryOvarysuperiorHalf-inferiorInferior子房上位下位花子房上位周位花子房下位上位花侧膜胎座中轴胎座特立中央胎座胚囊的发育方式DevelopmentalModesofEmbryoSac单孢型单孢型双孢型双孢型四孢型四孢型蓼型胚囊的形成和发育蓼型胚囊的形成和发育TheDevelopmentalProcessfromAMegasporeMotherCelltoMegaspores雌配子体成熟胚囊百合大孢子的发生和胚囊的发育MegasporogenesisandDevelopmentEmbryoSac百合的成熟胚囊百合的成熟胚囊MatureEmbryoSacofMatureEmbryoSacofLiliumLilium