常州工程职院工业分析课件15样品预处理技术

vv§1§2§3§4§5§6§7§84.3.2.1.300400g/LHgSHCl-HNO331H2SO4-H3PO4H2SO4-HF7.6.5.H2OCO21.2.3.ü1.K2S2O7KHSO42.NH4FNH4NO3NH4ClüMgO+Na2CO32+3MgO+Na2CO31+2ZnO+Na2CO31+2ü1.2.3.“”“”Na2SO3Na2CO34.3.2.1.üüüvseparationseparationseparationvRecovery%%100×=-=enrichmentenrichmentenrichmentvPrecipitationPrecipitationSolventextractionSolventextractionIonexchangeIonexchangeChromatographyChromatographyVolatilizationVolatilizationanddistillationanddistillation————11FF[OH[OH--]]pHpH1212NaOHNaOHAlAl,Zn,Cr,,Zn,Cr,SnSn,,PbPb,,SbSbpH8~9,pH8~9,NHNH33NHNH44ClClAg,Co,Ni,Zn,Ag,Co,Ni,Zn,CdCd,Cu,(Mg),Cu,(Mg)pH5~6,pH5~6,ZnOZnOAl,Fe(III),Ti(IV),Al,Fe(III),Ti(IV),Th(IVTh(IV),Bi),Bi…………..FF[S[S22--]][S[S22--]]HH22SSpH=2pH=2ZnSZnSFeFeCoCoNiNiMnMnpH=5~6pH=5~6ZnSZnSFeSFeSCoSCoSNiSNiSMnMnCHCH33CSCS--NHNH22*FFHH22SOSO44CaCaSrSrBaBaPbPbHFHFNHNH44FFCaCaSrSrMgMgThTh(NH(NH44))22HPOHPO44ZnZnFeFeAlAlNiNiMgMgNaKZnNH4+CuMgCdCoNiFe(III)Mn(II)AlHg(II)Cr(III)CaSrBaPbAgHg(I)(Pb)*NaOHNH4Cl-NH3H2SO4HCl22FF--88--MgMgZnZnAlAlFF--SHSH--OHOHFF--AsOAsO33HH2233FFFe(OH)Fe(OH)33Al(OH)Al(OH)33MnO(OH)MnO(OH)22FFBaSOBaSO44--PbSOPbSO44MgNHMgNH44POPO44--MgNHMgNH44AsOAsO44ZnHg(SCN)ZnHg(SCN)44--CuHg(SCN)CuHg(SCN)44FFFFII22partitioncoefficientpartitioncoefficient[A[A]]ww[A][A]oowDK[A][A]o=WaterWaterOrganicOrganicKKDD————distributiondistributionratioratio————HA(w)HA(o)HA(w)HA(o)KKaaAA(HA)(HA)iiwCCDHA,oHA,=wHAwoHA,,o[HA][HA]αα=wHAoHADK,,αα=oHA,αwHA,αDD————ThepercentextractedThepercentextracted=Ewoommm+=wwooooVcVcVc+=owwowoVVcccc+=RDD+=owVVR=R=1R=11+=DDE%1001%×⎥⎥⎦⎤⎢⎢⎣⎡⎟⎟⎠⎞⎜⎜⎝⎛+-=nVDVVE%7.98100901008585%=×+=E5310374.51003085100102-×=⎟⎠⎞⎜⎝⎛+××=Im%9995.991001010374.510%5=××-=-E100mlI210mg90mlCCl4D=85I2V=308--CHCl3Al3+hydrophilichydrophilichydrophobichydrophobicAl(H2O)63++3NOHAlNO+3H++6H2O3CHCl3CHCl3FF————FFFFFFCCl40.631.59g/mLchelateextractionchelateextractionionassociationextractionionassociationextractionBatchextractionusingpearBatchextractionusingpear--shapedshapedseparatoryseparatoryfunnelfunnelContinuousliquidContinuousliquid--liquidextractionliquidextraction————-CO2OH+CH2OCH=CH2+CH=CH2CH=CH2——SOSO33HH——COOCOOHH——NN++RR33OHOH--——NRNR22————Pt(IV)Pd(II)Pt(IV)Pt(IV)Pd(II)Pd(II)Cl-PtCl62-PdCl42-PtClPtCl6622--PdClPdCl4422--RN+(CH3)3OH-[RN+(CH3)3]2PtCl62-[RN+(CH3)3]2PdCl42-[RN[RN++(CH(CH33))33]]22PtClPtCl6622--[RN[RN++(CH(CH33))33]]22PdClPdCl4422--HH22OO——Rfl()fAaRl=()fBbRl=RRffRRff==0~10~1RRff==00RRff==11BbaACCDCCDCCD101023.2mm23.2mm