华北理工环境工程原理教案

111“”223“”2060207045“”1“”2“”313(SS0.10.45)(0.10.001)2))4NH4+UASBNO3-SO42----UASBUpflowAnaerobicSludgeBlanket1COSO2521(1),;(2);(3),2/1////6“()”“”(1)(2)(3)2//71.2.3.1“”“”2“”“”AP4.8.1231.2.VOCs3.1§2-11960SI22.1.3HzNPaJWCVFSWbTHlmlxBqGySv1/skg·m/s2N/m2N·mJ/sA·sW/AC/VV/AA/VV·sWb/m2Wb/Acd·srlm/m21/sJ/kgJb/kg1m3.2808ft3.28082.1.11atm1.033kgf/cm2N/m2kgf/cm2kgfcm2m2kgf9.806651kgf9.80665N1cm0.01m1.033kgf/cm21.033×9.80665N/(0.01m)2=1.013×105N/m2:MLtT:]=Lt1]=ML3]=ML1t2]=ML1t13(Reynold)Re/uL0001113[Re]tLMtMLLLtML1113][][][][tMLLLLtuMLg/L,mg/L,kg/m3mol/L,kmol/L————————————41L1000g1mg/L1mg/1000g1×10-6=1ppmg/Lg/1000g1×10-9=1ppb1mg/L1×10-6g/L1×10-9mL/m310-610-610610610-61062.1.31atm259.0×10-61mol1atm25LV44.241298082.01CO28g/molCO3.101000/44.241000281096NH30.3NH30.3310VMnVmAAAA310AAAMnVpRTnVAAAAApMRTVV3105xy!!!0.53.0m/s,1030m/s1.J/m2·s2.kg/m2·s3.kmol/m2·s24Vmqud4VmqduVVqtmVqtux,y,zxuyuzudVAmuAquAA6§2-21Vq2VqVmq——?1272.2.42.2.410m3/s20mg/L5m3/s40mg/L1VqVmq2Vq11122mVVqqq2mmVmqq1122VVmVmqqq12VmVVqqq112212VVmVVqqqq12ddmmmrmqqqt85000m3/d200mg/L20mg/L99.8%96%100mg/L1000kg/m3(1)(2)999.896472.5m3/d22.5m3/d,20V2.2.310.0×106m35.0m3/s10.0mg/L0.5m3/s100mg/L0.20d-111122mVVqqq212()mVmmVVqqqqmrqkV102.2.4500m3501.4mg0.40h-11000m3/h251atm0.05×10-62.2.50.8m2m1m1234115P4679§2-3————————12Q—W—E2.3.11.5kW20L15652.3.3373K1000kg/h298K353K3.56kJ/(kg·K)37310000kJ/h2.3.51000MW15%85%100m3/s2010132.3.450m315355m3/h1001000kg/m3T0123P47,13,141412§3-13.1.1800mm10mm6400.5m/su1u2A1A2u1A1u2A2kJ/kg123mVpA22221144dudumm22112dduumm3——m3/kgWeWeQe21.0513.1.2p1-p2)=40kPap1p2pVAVpA)(pVpm212Eeugzp21()2eeeugzpQW22222221111111()()22eeeugzpeugzpQW2211111222221122eeeugzpQeugzpWmuu222121mmuu222121mmuu21()2meeeugzpQW4)21dpppp2121d2pmefpugzpWh212mefpugzWh51——1——2——3——WeWe=0Bernoulliu=0z1=z2p1=p21kgkJ/kg1Nm212mefpugzWh221211221122memfppugzWugzh221211221122memfppugzWugzh)(fehWeemeVNWqWq0fh2102mpugZ0pzg221211221122memfppugzWugzh6——3.1.31-150mm0.02MPa2-215mm7m3/h1-12-23-32-23-322212122pupumm32EE7112303456P106,3,4§3-2————8u—L—Re2000Re40002000Re4000“”Yt=0uuLReu90)——yuxdd10“”“”11§3-3(1)(2)(2)1904Prandtl12u0u0——1.2.xcxc3.10-3131.u0u014Re20002.0Redu15Re————?(1)(2)(3)a.b.c.(4)§3-4()12()12316()22mfudlh28msuRed/22uhf17kJ/kg————3.4.23.4.322udlhef18(1)(2)(3)P106,5§3-5——4mQdu22mfudlp(m/s)3×105Pa11.51×1051×106Pa1.53.00.51.08×105Pa1.53.08×105Pa3.0204030501.0121515251.02.0191020101515201.52.02.5300.751.00.510——1Vq2Vq3Vq1Vq2Vq3VqVq1Vq2Vq3Vq203.5.1d15cml130ml260mH215m0.0230.940°10.8H110m60L/sH11-12-20-01-12-2p1p20u1z1=H1z2=012VVqq21fffhhhfhpgzupgzu222211212221——Ø33.5mm×3.25mm6m20m28m17m0.0279.56.41.m/s2.1-12-22-2p1p2017mu1012134VVVVVVqqqqqqfDEfBDfABfAEhhhhfBDDfBCCBhEhEEfDEEfDFFDhEhEEfhpgzupgzu2222112122212222211udludlgzAA215.9027.02027.02027.0220027.081.917222uu9u26.2522u=166.77221-13-3u2u3u3.45m/su23.10m/su30.35m/su31-12-2u3.49m/sEt3EtA2122332131udludlgzgzAA214.6027.022028027.02027.0220027.081.9681.917232uu91.1077.89232uu221222211udludlgzAA214.6027.02027.02027.0220027.081.91722uukgJudlpugzEAAt/25.57249.34.6027.02027.00249.30222222222kgJgzupgzEt/86.5881.9623233331Vq2Vq3VqVq23321fffhhh3.5.32m3/sl1l2l3d1d2d31200m1500m800m0.6m0.5m0.8m1000kg/m31.0×10-3Pa·s0.2mmqV2m3/sqV10.49m3/su11.73m/sqV20.28m3/su21.42m/sqV31.23m3/su32.45m/sReRe11.04×106Re20.71×106Re31.96×106/d1=0.00033/d2=0.0004/d3=0.0002510.01620.01630.0155123VVVVqqqq222233332222221111udludludl555123123112233::::VVVdddqqqlll555123123112233::::VVVdddqqqlll5551230.60.50.8::::1:0.567:2.51412001500800VVVqqq24P107,9,12§3-60.981.00)(20gRu)(20gRCu2550121/502-2A0/A1ReC00.60.7000002()RgQuACA2615°25°5°7°——20200.1MPa“0”002()VRgQCA000()()ffQQ270.8(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)P109,15,16——Re2211AuAumm221211221122memfppugzWugzh12VVqq21fffhhh28——12134VVVVVVqqqqqqfDEfBDfABfAEhhhhfBDDfBCCBhEhEEfDEEfDFFDhEhEE123VVVVqqqq321fffhhh555123123112233::::VVVdddqqqlll12§4-1§4-23W/m21200MPa2.7kPa2yTAQqddyTqdd450415W/(m·K)12120W/(m·K)0.170.7W/(m·K)0.030.17W/(m·K0.0070.17W/(m·K)100200[Wm·K]()bT1T2T1T24.2.1400mmT1950T2300=1.0+0.001TW/(m·K)TxxxxxqTTm1625950625.126419501xAQddTrTbTTAQq21RTAbTTQ)(21625.1625001.00.1m5xxTTxTqdd)001.00.1(ddbTTxqTT0dd)001.00.1(212212120.001()()2TTTTqb22121222210.001()()210.001(950300)(950300)0.422641W/mqTTTTb22110.001()()2TTTTqx20.001(950)(950)26412TTx20.0011401264102TTx121111()TTTQAbR232222()TTTAbR343333()TTTAbRAbAbAbTTRRRTTTQ3322114132132164.2.293055rQ2201131brbTTq111111nnnniiiiiTTTTbRAQrrLrAQddT)2(ddT2121d2dTTrrTLrrQRTTrrTTLQ211221ln274.2.3426mm426mm0.615W/(m·K)17738(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)P176,3,48§4-3a.b.c.a.b.c.d.TWT0TWT0TW9a.b.c.T(T-TW0.99(T0-TWdA10A1AbNu——3.4.LNunCPrGrNuGr——TAQATQ1W/m2·K5252010020010001000150005000150005002000250025000LNu114.3.19d2R1R24.3.2CnLddR2)/ln(121LdR221124.3.19d2——cdd24.3.425mm3500.2W/(m·K)10W/(m2·K)202mm5mm7mm2mm5mm7mm02)/ln(112)(2dd22122212dddddTTLdQfccdd2221ddc1012.02)025.0/ln(2035012)/ln(222121dddddTTLQfc1212ln(/)12cfTTQddLd211dLQTTf121fTTdmWLQ/3.27110029.012.02)025.0/029.0ln(2035031810029.013.271201TmWLQ/0.2802751TmWLQ/6.2812501T137mm204.0102.0222cddmcd1d/20.04-0.025/2=0.0075m9.281maxLQW/m2441T3112121112)/ln(dTTdddTTLQfcfc12