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水质工程学(给水处理)习题及答案华北理工大学给水排水教研室2013.9十四章给水处理概论【习题】(p252)14-1.在实验室内作氯消毒试验。已知细菌被灭活速率为一级反应,且k=0.85min-1。求细菌被灭99.5%时,所需消毒时间为多少分钟?解:细菌加氯灭活是一级反应。k=0.85min-1eCCkt0ln1灭活99.5%。Ce=(1-99.5%)Co200%5.99110eCCmin23.6200ln85.01t14-2.设物料i分别通过CSTR型和PF到反应器进行反应后。进水和出水中i浓度之比均为C0/Ce=10,且属一级反应,k=2h-1。求水流在CSTR型和PF型反应器内各需多少停留时间?(注:C0——进水中i初始浓度;Ce——出水中I浓度)解:1)由CSTR型一级反应停留时间公式:)1(10eCCkt)(5.4)110(21ht2)由PF型一级反应停留时间公式:iCCkt0ln1)(15.110ln21ht14-3.题3中若采用4只CSTR型反应器串联,其余条件同上。求串联后水流总停留时间为多少?解:由四个CSTR反应器串联:一级反应。nonktCC1110eoCC12hk则:4211101t1+2t=1.778t=0.389hT=nt=4×0.389=1.557h14-4.液体中物料i浓度为200mg/L,经过2个串联的CSTR型反应器后,浓度降至20mg/L.液体流量为5000m3/h,反应级数为1,速率常数为0.8h-1。求每个反应器的体积和总反应时间。解:一级反应,两个串联。nonktCC1110120020onCCn=2k=0.8h-128.011101t(1+0.8t)2=100.8t=2.162t=2.703(h)总反应时间:T=nt=2×2.703=5.406(h)每个反应器体积:V=Q·t=5000m3/h×2.703h=13514m3补充习题:Questions:14-1Laboratorytestswereconductedonthechemicaltreatmentofawaterusingbothalongnarrowflocculationtank(plugflow)andacompletelymixedunit.Theobservedrateconstantsundersteady-stateconditionswerefirst-orderkineticsequalto“12perday”forplugflowand“36perday”forcompletemixing.Foraninfluentconcentrationof80mg/l,whichprocessrequirestheshorterretentiontimetoachievea95percentcompletionofthereaction?Solution:1、Plugflow(PF):k=12day-1%95oeoCCC95.01oeCC2005.01eoCCdayCCkteo250.005.01ln121ln12、Completemixing(CSTR)k=12day-12005.01eoCCdayCCktio528.012036111Answer:Plugflowprocessrequirestheshorterretentiontimetoachievea95percentcompletionofthereaction.14-2Basedonlaboratorystudies,therateconstantforachemicalcoagulationreactionwasfoundtobefirst-orderkineticswithakequalto75perday.Calculatethedetentiontimesrequiredincompletelymixedandplug-flowreactorsforan80percentreduction,Co=200mg/landCt=40mg/l.Solution:1、Forcompletelymixedreactor11ioCCktk=75day-140200ioCCdayt053.01402007512、ForPlug-flowReactordayCCktio021.040200ln751ln1Answer:1、Required0.053dayforcompletelymixedreactor.2、Required0.021dayforplug-flowreactor.十五章混凝【习题】(p286)15—1河水总碱度0.lmmol/L(按Cao汁)。硫酸铝(含Al2O3为16%)投加量为25mg/L,问是否需要投加石灰以保证硫酸铝顺利水解?没水厂每日生产水量50000m3,试问水厂每天约需要多少千克石灰(石灰纯度按50%计)。解:投药量折合成Al2O3为25mg/L×0.16=4mg/LAl2O3的分子量:101.96=102投药后浓度:剩余碱度取0.37CaO浓度:[CaO]=3×[a]-[x]+[δ][a]——混凝剂投量,0.039mmol/L。[x]——原水碱度,按CaO计,0.1mmol/L。(CaO)[δ]——保证反应的剩余碱度。0.37(0.25~0.5mmol/LCaO)[CaO]=3×0.039-0.1+0.37=0.387mmol/LCaO分子量为56。石灰纯度为50%。投量为:0.387mmol/L×56/0.5=43.34mg/L=43.34g/m3水厂每天投加量:43.34g/m3×50000m3=2167200g=2167.2Kg15—2设聚合铝[A12(OH)n•Cl6-n]m在制备过程中。控制m=5,n=4,试求该聚合铝的碱化度为多少?解:聚合铝[A12(OH)n•Cl6-n]mm=5;n=4。碱化度%7.6652345%1003AlOHB15—3某水厂采用精制硫酸铝作为混凝剂,其最大投量为35mg/L。水厂设计水量100000m/d。混凝剂每日调制3次,溶液浓度按10%计,试求溶解池和溶液池体积各为多少?解:1)溶液池容积,W2:bnaQW4172Q——水处理量,Q=100000m3/d=4166.7m3/h。LmmolLmg/039.0102/4Ga——最大混凝剂投加量,a=35mg/L。b——溶液浓度,b=10(注:式中的%已计入系数417中)n——每日调制次数,n=3。32657.113104177.416635mW2)溶解池,W1:W1=(0.2~0.3)W2取W1=0.25W2W1=0.25×11.657=2.914m315—4隔板絮凝池设计流量75000m3/d絮凝池有效容积为1100m3。絮凝池总水头损失为求絮凝池总的平均速度梯度G值和TG值各为多少?(水厂自用水量按5%0.26m。计)。解:求及TG值,Q=75000m3/d×1.05=78750m3/d=0.911m3/s体积V=1100m3sQVT9.1206911.011001674.459.12061001.126.081.9sTghGh=0.26m;ν=0.0101cm2/s=1.01×10-6m2/s(20℃水的运动粘度,)3.552079.120674.45TG15—5某机械絮疑池分成3格。每格有效尺寸为2.6m(宽)X2.6m(长)X4.2m(深)。每格没一台垂直轴桨板搅拌器,构造按图15-22,没计各部分尺寸为:r2=1050mm;浆板长1400mm,宽120mm;,r0=525mm。叶轮中心点旋转线速度为:第一格v1=0.5m/s第二格v2=0.32m/s第三格v3=0.2m/s求:3台搅拌器所需搅拌功率及相应的平均速度梯度G值(水温按200C计)。解:(1)第一格v1=0.5m/s第二格v2=0.32m/s第三格v3=0.2m/s取浆板相对水流的线速度等于浆板相对固定物系线速度的0.75倍。则:(r0=0.525m)sradrvw/714.0525.05.075.075.0011sradrvw/457.0525.032.075.075.0022sradrvw/286.025.02.075.075.0033(2)浆板所需功率:长:宽11.1DC3/1000mKg)(07.148714.081.40644.056.093.005.1714.04.1810001.14)(84)(8434444341423414231WrrlwCrrlwCPDD)(83.38457.081.40632WP)(52.9286.081.40633WP(3)求:G值。20℃sPa310002.1V=2.6×2.6×4.2=28.39m3131115.7239.2810002.107.148sVPG13294.3639.2810002.182.38sG13315.1839.2810002.152.9sG1332198.4739.28310002.152.983.3807.48.13sVPPPG15—6设原水悬浮物体积浓度φ=5×10-5。假定悬浮颗粒粒径均匀。有效碰撞系数α=1,水温按15℃计(15℃µ=1.14×10-3Pa·s)。设计流量Q=360m3/h。搅拌功率(或功率消耗)P=195W。试求:(1)絮凝池按PF型反应器考虑,经15min絮凝后,水中颗粒数量浓度将降低百分之几?(2)采用3座同体积机械絮凝池串联(机械絮凝池按CSTR型反应器考虑),絮凝池总体积与(1)同。搅拌总功率仍为195W,设3座絮凝池搅拌功率分别为。P1=100W,P2=60W,P3=35W,试问颗粒数量浓度最后降低百分之几?解:做法I(1)nnKGtoln115℃µ=1.14×10-3Pa·s551037.61416.310544KV=360m3/h×0.25h=90m31359.43901014.1195sVPGt=15min=900snnoln1037.659.4319005499.2lnnno17.12nno降低百分率:%8.9117.12111ooonnnnn(2)每池容积:90/3=30m3ti=15/3=5min=300s131107.54301014.1100sVpG11111nnkGto107.541037.6130015nno033.2107.541037.63001511tkGnno492.01onnn1=0.492n013289.41301014.160sG80.1189.411037.630015221tkGnnn2=0.556n1=0.273n013399.31301014.135sG611.1199.311037.630015332tkGnnn3=0.62n2=0.169n0颗粒数量浓度降低了(1-0.169)×100%=83.1%做法II1360.433031014.13560100sG由式111mmonnGKt可得式mmoGtKnn1979.5165.421037.630035monn颗粒数量浓度降低了%28.83979.51111moomonnnnn十六章沉淀和澄清【习题】(p314)16—1.已知颗
本文标题:华北理工水质工程学(给水处理)习题及答案
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