中文演讲稿范文【汇集4篇】

中文演讲稿范文【汇集4篇】【导读】这篇文档“中文演讲稿范文【汇集4篇】”由三一刀客最漂亮的网友为您分享整理，希望这篇范文对您有所帮助，喜欢就下载吧！中文演讲稿【第一篇】．功能对等理论功能对等理论由美国人尤金·A·奈达（EugeneNida）提出，奈达师从几位著名的结构主义语言大师，本身也是有重要地位的语言学家，曾任美国语言学会主席。但这位在学术界赫赫有名的人物，偏偏远离学术重镇，默默地在美国圣经协会供职半个多世纪。他一生的主要学术活动都围绕《圣经》翻译展开。在《圣经》翻译的过程中，奈达从实际出发，发展出了一套自己的翻译理论，最终成为翻译研究的经典之一。奈达理论的核心概念是“功能对等”。所谓“功能对等”，就是说翻译时不求文字表面的死板对应，而要在两种语言间达成功能上的对等。奈达“功能对等”理论的核心是“译文读者对原文的反应与原文读者对原文的反应应该是一致的”。进而他将翻译定义为,“从语义到文体在译语中用最近似的自然对等值再现原语的信息(李文革,2004:115)”,该定义中的“信息”应该包括原语传达的各种信息:语义的、文体的和文学形象的、情景的和心理效果方面等等。奈达的功能对等翻译共有四个标准:(1)传达信息;(2)传达原作的精神和风格;(3)语言顺畅,完全符合译语规范和惯例;(4)读者反应类似。这对于文学小说的翻译有重大的指导意义1.KatharinaRei：TextTypologyThetheoriesconcerningtexttypeandtranslationaremostlybasedontheworkdonebyBuhlerinthe1930’s.Buhler’sideaistocategorizetextonthebasisoftheirmainfunction.Hedefinesthreetypes:conative,expreiveandrepresentative.Buhler’sideaistocategorizetextonthebasisoftheirmainfunction.Hedefinesthreetypes:conative,expreiveandrepresentative.Buhler’sideasarefurtherdevelopedbyKatharinaRei(1971).Hertexttypologyis1)theinformativetextwherethecontentisthemainfocus.(Thesetextsdoplaincommunicationoffacts,information,knowledge,opinionsetc.);2)theexpreivetextwherethefocusisoncreativecompositionandaesthetics.(Boththeauthororthesenderandthemeagearewhatareforegrounded.Imaginativecreativeliteratureexemplifiesthesetexts.);3)theoperativetextwherethefocusis“appellative”bywhichwhatismeantisthatthetextappealstothereadertoactinacertainway,persuading,diuading,requesting,andcajolinghim.Thisformoflanguageisusuallydialogicorconversational.Inaddition,Reidefinesafourthcategory,audio-visualtexts.Thisisasortofmixedcategory,whichcanincludetextsfromalltheothercategories,aslongastheyareintendedforaudio-visualmedia.FunctionalFeaturesofTextTypologyandtheirlinkstotranslationmethodsTexttypologyinformativeExpreiveoperativeLanguagefunctionInformative(objectsandfacts)Expreive(expreingthesender’sattitudes)Appellative(makinganappealtotextreceiver)LanguagedimensionLogicalaestheticDialogue/conversationTextfocusContent-focusedForm-focusedAppellative-focusedTTshouldTransmitreferentialcontentTransmitaestheticformElicit-desiredresponseTranslationmethod‘plainprose’explicitationasrequired(直白语言，按需要明晰化)Identifyingmethod,（同一策略）adoptperspectiveofSＴauthor‘adaptive’,equivalenteffect（顺应、等2.HansJ．Vermeer：SkopostheorieSkopostheorieregardsadequacyasitsmethodofaeingwhetherthetranslationqualityisgoodenough.3.JustaHolz-Manttari：TheoryofTranslationalActionTheGermanschooloffunctionalisttranslationtheory,whichhasputforwardtheconceptoftranslationalaction,definestranslationasakindofactivitiesaimingattheprospectivetranslationfunctionandskopos,thusbreakingthestaticST-orientedresearchpatternandviewingtranslationasaselectiveandintentionalinterculturalcommunicativeactionintermediatedbythetranslator.4.ChristianeNord：FunctionplusLoyaltytranslatorsareresponsiblefortheeffectsforeitherthetargetaudiencesorthesource-textauthorsortheclientoreventhetranslatorasanindividualAcomplexactiondesignedtoachieveaparticularpurposetarget-textshouldberesponsibleforthesource-text1.EquivalentTranslationThestrategyofsubstitutingcorrespondingexpreionsinthetargetlanguagewhichcarriesequivalentreferentialorpragmaticmeaningasthatinthesourcelanguageCanbedefinedas“equivalenttranslation’，'whichismainlyappliedtouniversally-usedsigns．NowthatEnglish-speakingcountrieshavetheirownstandardandusageforsuchpublicsigns,itisbetterforChinesetranslatorstofollowtheconvention．Theapplicationofinternationalstandardproducesachievesequivalenceinthesenseoffunctionalistapproaches．AlargemountofpublicsignscanresorttotheexistingEnglishexpreionintheproceoftranslation．Theseuniversally—usedsignsarethecommonnamesandtermsoftraffic，publicandcommercialservices，touristattractionsandSOon．Forinstance，thesign“男卫生间”instorescanbesubstitutedby“Men'sRoom’’or“Men”astheyarccalledinEnglish-speakingcountries．2FormulatedTranslationSomerestrictingandcompellingpublicsignscannotbedirectlytranslatedbyexistinginternationalpublicsigns．However,translators伽stillborrowthestructureandexpreionsoftheseestablishedpublicsigns．Inotherwords，thetranslationofthesetwokindsofpublicsignscanbeformulatedandfollowtheinternationalstandard．Accordingtotheparticularstyleandlanguagefeaturesofpublicsigns，therearemainlyfourpatternscanbeformulated：OmiionInordertoachieveliterarygrace，alargenumberofChinesepublicsigns(especiallysomeslogans)tendtouseornatediction,phrasesandsentencesinparallelstructures．Theornatedictionandphrasescanrealizetheeffectofrhythmandparallelsentencescanproducetheeffectoftightstructure．However,therhythmicalbeautyandstructuralharmonyinthepublicsignsleadtotheweakininformation-conveyingandcommunicationpurpose．Thatistosay,intheC—Etranslationofpublicsigns,somehollowwordswhicharenotintunewiththetargetlanguageculturecanbejustifiablyomitted．Therefore，translationtechnique“omiion'’canbeemployedtogoagainstunnecearyrepetitioninthepublicsignstranslationtoachieveconciseneandavoidwordredundancy.TheoriesofFunctionalistApproachesThe1970ssawtheemergenceandflourishinginGermanyoffunctionalistapproachestotheresearcho