财务报表标准--Provixions或有负债和或有资产

Provisions,ContingentLiabilitiesandContingentAssetsFRS37Provisions,ContingentLiabilitiesandContingentAssetswasissuedbytheCCDGinJanuary2003.ConsequentialamendmentsweremadeinJuly2004,September2004andJanuary2006.ThisStandardisoperativeforfinancialstatementscoveringperiodsbeginningonorafter1stOctober2000.FRS37FINANCIALREPORTINGSTANDARDContentsOBJECTIVESCOPEParagraphs1-9DEFINITIONS10-13ProvisionsandOtherLiabilities11RelationshipbetweenProvisionsandContingentLiabilities12-13RECOGNITION14-35Provisions14-26PresentObligation15-16PastEvent17-22ProbableOutflowofResourcesEmbodyingEconomicBenefits23-24ReliableEstimateoftheObligation25-26ContingentLiabilities27-30ContingentAssets31-35MEASUREMENT36-52BestEstimate36-41RiskandUncertainties42-44PresentValue45-47FutureEvents48-50ExpectedDisposalsofAssets51-52REIMBURSEMENTS53-58CHANGESINPROVISIONS59-60USEOFPROVISIONS61-62APPLICATIONOFTHERECOGNITIONANDMEASUREMENTRULES63-83FutureOperatingLosses63-65OnerousContracts66-69Restructuring70-83DISCLOSURE84-92TRANSITIONALPROVISIONS93-94EFFECTIVEDATE95-96APPENDICESA.Tables-Provisions,ContingentLiabilities,ContingentAssetsandReimbursementsB.DecisionTreeC.Examples:RecognitionD.Examples:DisclosureFinancialReportingStandard37Provisions,ContingentLiabilitiesandContingentAssets(FRS37)issetoutinparagraphs1-96.Alltheparagraphshaveequalauthority.FRS37shouldbereadinthecontextofitsobjective,thePrefacetotheFinancialReportingStandardsandtheFrameworkforthePreparationandPresentationofFinancialStatements.FRS8AccountingPolicies,ChangesinAccountingEstimatesandErrorsprovidesabasisforselectingandapplyingaccountingpoliciesintheabsenceofexplicitguidance.1FINANCIALREPORTINGSTANDARDFRS37Provisions,ContingentLiabilitiesandContingentAssetsObjectiveTheobjectiveofthisStandardistoensurethatappropriaterecognitioncriteriaandmeasurementbasesareappliedtoprovisions,contingentliabilitiesandcontingentassetsandthatsufficientinformationisdisclosedinthenotestoenableuserstounderstandtheirnature,timingandamount.Scope1.ThisStandardshallbeappliedbyallentitiesinaccountingforprovisions,contingentliabilitiesandcontingentassets,except:(a)thoseresultingfromexecutorycontracts,exceptwherethecontractisonerous;and(b)[deleted](c)thosecoveredbyanotherStandard.2.ThisStandarddoesnotapplytofinancialinstruments(includingguarantees)thatarewithinthescopeofFRS39FinancialInstruments:RecognitionandMeasurement.3.Executorycontractsarecontractsunderwhichneitherpartyhasperformedanyofitsobligationsorbothpartieshavepartiallyperformedtheirobligationstoanequalextent.ThisStandarddoesnotapplytoexecutorycontractsunlesstheyareonerous.4.[Deleted]5.WhereanotherStandarddealswithaspecifictypeofprovision,contingentliabilityorcontingentasset,anentityappliesthatStandardinsteadofthisStandard.Forexample,FRS103BusinessCombinationsaddressesthetreatmentbyanacquirerofcontingentliabilitiesassumedinabusinesscombination.Similarly,certaintypesofprovisionsarealsoaddressedinStandardson:(a)constructioncontracts(seeFRS11ConstructionContracts);(b)incometaxes(seeFRS12IncomeTaxes);(c)leases(seeFRS17Leases).However,asFRS17containsnospecificrequirementstodealwithoperatingleasesthathavebecomeonerous,thisStandardappliestosuchcases;and(d)employeebenefits(seeFRS19EmployeeBenefits).(e)insurancecontracts(seeFRS104InsuranceContracts).However,thisStandardappliestoprovisions,contingentliabilitiesandcontingentassetsofaninsurer,otherthanthosearisingfromitscontractualobligationsandrightsunderinsurancecontractswithinthescopeofFRS104.6.Someamountstreatedasprovisionsmayrelatetotherecognitionofrevenue,forexamplewhereanenterprisegivesguaranteesinexchangeforafee.ThisStandarddoesnotaddresstherecognitionofrevenue.FRS18Revenueidentifiesthecircumstancesinwhichrevenueis2recognisedandprovidespracticalguidanceontheapplicationoftherecognitioncriteria.ThisStandarddoesnotchangetherequirementsofFRS18.7.ThisStandarddefinesprovisionsasliabilitiesofuncertaintimingoramount.Insomecountriestheterm‘provision’isalsousedinthecontextofitemssuchasdepreciation,impairmentofassetsanddoubtfuldebts:theseareadjustmentstothecarryingamountsofassetsandarenotaddressedinthisStandard.8.OtherFinancialReportingStandardsspecifywhetherexpendituresaretreatedasassetsorasexpenses.TheseissuesarenotaddressedinthisStandard.Accordingly,thisStandardneitherprohibitsnorrequirescapitalisationofthecostsrecognisedwhenaprovisionismade.9.ThisStandardappliestoprovisionsforrestructurings(includingdiscontinuedoperations).Whenarestructuringmeetsthedefinitionofadiscontinuedoperation,additionaldisclosuresmayberequiredbyFRS105Non-currentAssetsHeldforSaleandDiscontinuedOperations.Definitions10.ThefollowingtermsareusedinthisStandardwiththemeaningsspecified:Aprovisionisaliabilityofuncertaintimingoramount.Aliabilityisapresentobligationoftheenterprisearisingfrompastevents,thesettlementofwhichisexpectedtoresultinanoutflowfromtheenterpriseofresourcesembodyingeconomicbenefits.Anobligatingeventisaneventthatcreatesalegalorconstructiveobligationthatresultsinanenterprisehavingnorealisticalternativetosettlingthatobligation.Al