9ManagerialAccounting-Student_财务管理_经管

PowerPointAuthors:SusanCoomerGalbreath,Ph.D.,CPACharlesW.Caldwell,D.B.A.,CMAJonA.Booker,Ph.D.,CPA,CIACynthiaJ.Rooney,Ph.D.,CPACopyright©2014byTheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.Allrightsreserved.ProfitPlanningChapter99-2LearningObjective9-1Understandwhyorganizationsbudgetandtheprocessestheyusetocreatebudgets.9-3TheBasicFrameworkofBudgetingAbudgetisadetailedquantitativeplanforacquiringandusingfinancialandotherresourcesoveraspecifiedforthcomingtimeperiod.1.Theactofpreparingabudgetiscalledbudgeting.2.Theuseofbudgetstocontrolanorganization’sactivitiesisknownasbudgetarycontrol.9-4PlanningandControlPlanning–involvesdevelopingobjectivesandpreparingvariousbudgetstoachievethoseobjectives.Control–involvesthestepstakenbymanagementtoincreasethelikelihoodthattheobjectivessetdownwhileplanningareattainedandthatallpartsoftheorganizationareworkingtogethertowardthatgoal.9-5AdvantagesofBudgetingAdvantagesDefinegoalsandobjectivesUncoverpotentialbottlenecksCoordinateactivitiesCommunicateplansThinkaboutandplanforthefutureMeansofallocatingresources9-6ResponsibilityAccountingManagersshouldbeheldresponsibleforthoseitems-andonlythoseitems-thattheycanactuallycontroltoasignificantextent.9-7ChoosingtheBudgetPeriodOperatingBudget2011201220132014Operatingbudgetsordinarilycoveraone-yearperiodcorrespondingtoacompany’sfiscalyear.Manycompaniesdividetheirannualbudgetintofourquarters.Acontinuousbudgetisa12-monthbudgetthatrollsforwardonemonth(orquarter)asthecurrentmonth(orquarter)iscompleted.9-8Self-ImposedBudgetAself-imposedbudgetorparticipativebudgetisabudgetthatispreparedwiththefullcooperationandparticipationofmanagersatalllevels.SupervisorSupervisorMiddleManagementSupervisorSupervisorMiddleManagementTopManagement9-9AdvantagesofSelf-ImposedBudgets1.Individualsatalllevelsoftheorganizationareviewedasmembersoftheteamwhosejudgmentsarevaluedbytopmanagement.2.Budgetestimatespreparedbyfront-linemanagersareoftenmoreaccuratethanestimatespreparedbytopmanagers.3.Motivationisgenerallyhigherwhenindividualsparticipateinsettingtheirowngoalsthanwhenthegoalsareimposedfromabove.4.Amanagerwhoisnotabletomeetabudgetimposedfromabovecanclaimthatitwasunrealistic.Self-imposedbudgetseliminatethisexcuse.9-10Self-ImposedBudgetsSelf-imposedbudgetsshouldbereviewedbyhigherlevelsofmanagementtoprevent“budgetaryslack.”Mostcompaniesissuebroadguidelinesintermsofoverallprofitsorsales.Lowerlevelmanagersaredirectedtopreparebudgetsthatmeetthosetargets.9-11HumanFactorsinBudgetingThesuccessofabudgetprogramdependsonthreeimportantfactors:1.Topmanagementmustbeenthusiasticandcommittedtothebudgetprocess.2.Topmanagementmustnotusethebudgettopressureemployeesorblamethemwhensomethinggoeswrong.3.Highlyachievablebudgettargetsareusuallypreferredwhenmanagersarerewardedbasedonmeetingbudgettargets.9-12TheBudgetCommitteeAstandingcommitteeresponsiblefor•overallpolicymattersrelatingtothebudget•coordinatingthepreparationofthebudget•resolvingdisputesrelatedtothebudget•approvingthefinalbudget9-13TheMasterBudget:AnOverviewProductionbudgetSellingandadministrativebudgetDirectmaterialsbudgetManufacturingoverheadbudgetDirectlaborbudgetCashBudgetSalesbudgetEndinginventorybudgetBudgetedbalancesheetBudgetedincomestatement9-14LearningObjective9-2Prepareasalesbudget,includingascheduleofexpectedcashcollections.9-15BudgetingExampleRoyalCompanyispreparingbudgetsforthequarterendingJune30th.Budgetedsalesforthenextfivemonthsare:April20,000unitsMay50,000unitsJune30,000unitsJuly25,000unitsAugust15,000unitsThesellingpriceis$10perunit.9-16TheSalesBudgetTheindividualmonthsofApril,May,andJunearesummedtoobtainthetotalbudgetedsalesinunitsanddollarsforthequarterendedJune30th9-17ExpectedCashCollections•Allsalesareonaccount.•Royal’scollectionpatternis:70%collectedinthemonthofsale,25%collectedinthemonthfollowingsale,5%uncollectible.•InApril,theMarch31staccountsreceivablebalanceof$30,000willbecollectedinfull.9-18ExpectedCashCollections9-19ExpectedCashCollectionsFromtheSalesBudgetforApril.9-20ExpectedCashCollectionsFromtheSalesBudgetforMay.9-21QuickCheckWhatwillbethetotalcashcollectionsforthequarter?a.$700,000b.$220,000c.$190,000d.$905,0009-22ExpectedCashCollections9-23LearningObjective9-3Prepareaproductionbudget.9-24TheProductionBudgetProductionBudgetSalesBudgetandExpectedCashCollectionsTheproductionbudgetmustbeadequatetomeetbudgetedsalesandtoprovideforthedesiredendinginventory.9-25TheProductionBudget•ThemanagementatRoyalCompanywantsendinginventorytobeequalto20%ofthefollowingmonth’sbudgetedsalesinunits.•OnMarch31st,4,000unitswereonhand.Let’spreparetheproductionbudget.9-26TheProductionBudget9-27TheProductionBudgetMarch31endinginventory.BudgetedMaysales50,000Desiredendinginventory%20%Desiredendinginventory10,0009-28QuickCheckWhatistherequiredproductionforMay?a.56,000unitsb.46,000unitsc.62,000unitsd.52,000units9-29TheProductionBudget9-30TheProductionBudgetAssumedendinginventory.9-31LearningObjective9-4Prepareadirectmaterialsbudget,includingascheduleofexpectedcashdisbursementsforpurchasesofmaterials.9-32TheDirectMaterialsBudget•AtRoyalCo