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中国服装发展史thephylogenyofChina’scostumeZoeMay2006原始服饰originalcostumeTheoriginalcostumewasrecoveredbytheimaginethataccordingtospiculaandsomeotherclothes-madetoolscameupofland.Beforetheinventionofspintechnology,zoicfurweremainlymaterial.Atthattimetherewasnolineandrope,sothezoicligamentmaybeusedtomakeclothes.Thenandtherepeoplehadwornheadgearcollapsibleandwristletwhichweremadebycruderockteethfishboneandshellsinthesea.Thereasonwhywheyworethesethingswasnotonlyforbeingbeautifulbutalsothecommemorateforvictory.原始服饰根据出土的骨针、骨锥等制衣工具想象复原的。在纺织技术尚未发明之前,动物的毛皮是人们服装的主要材料。当时还没有绳、线,可能用动物韧带来缝制衣服。当时已经有头饰、颈饰和腕饰等,材料有天然美石、兽齿鱼骨和海里的贝壳等,当时佩戴这些饰物,可能不仅是为了装饰,也许还包含着对渔猎胜利的纪念。商代的发式ThehairstyleinShangDynastyPlaitsweremadejustsomeparts(ThepicturewastheJadePersonexcavatedinanyang’stomb,henanprovince.InShangDynasty,menmostlyhadplaits.商代的发式辫发局部(河南安阳股墟妇好墓出土的玉人)。商代男子发式,以梳辫发为主。商代发式骨笄ShangDynasty’shairstyle---gujiThepicturewastheprimarythingshandeddownfromancienttimesandnowwerecollectedinthemuseuminShanghai.TheliwasusedtofixupbobinShangDynasty.Inaddition,thengirlswithfifteen-yearoldwerecalledadults,andtheycouldmarried,theycalledji.商代发式商代骨笄(传世实物,原件现藏上海博物馆)。笄是我国在新时器时代就有的用来固定发髻。周代男女都用笄从周代起,女子年满十五岁便算成人,可以许嫁,谓之及笄。如果没有许嫁,到二十岁时也要举行笄礼,由一个妇人给及龄女子梳一个发髻,插上一支笄,礼后再取下。商周贵族服饰ThenoblefineryinShangDynastyThemainlycolorusedinthatdayswaswarmcolor,especiallyyellowandred.Butblueandgreenwereexist.(thepicturewasrecoveredbytheyuren’scostumecameupoutofland)商周贵族服饰这个时期的织物颜色,以暖色为多,尤其以黄红为主,间有棕色和褐色,但并不等于不存在篮、绿等冷色。(根据出土玉人服饰复原绘制)东周男子服饰Men’sraimentsinDongzhou•CostumeinZhouDynastyfollowedofthatinShangDynasty.Thestylejustasthepictureshows.Therewasnobuttoninthisperiod,Beltwastiedonthewaist.•东周男子服饰周代服饰大致沿袭商代的服制,只是略有变化。如图所示的样式。这个时期的服装还没有扭扣,一般在腰间系带,有的在带上还挂有玉制的饰物。战国胡服Thehufuintheperiodofsevencountrescoexistence.•Therewasobviouschangeincostumeinthisperiod,forexamplethehufu.Hufuisactuallyminority’scostumewhichcamefromnorthwest.Thecostumewasmuchdifferentfromthezhongyuanarea,itwasusuallyshortcoatpantalettesandlongshoes.Theadvantageofthecostumewasthatitwaseasytoactivity.ThefirstkingwhousedthiscostumewasthekingofzhaolingwuwhowastheearliestinnovatorinthephylogenyofChina’scostume.•战国胡服战国时期的服饰有较明显的变化,比较重要的是胡服的流行。所谓胡服,实际上是西北地区少数民族的服装,它与中原地区宽衣博带式汉族服装有较大差异,一般为短衣、长裤和革靴,衣身瘦窄,便于活动。首先采用这种服装的赵武灵王,是中国服饰史上最早一位改革者。这种服装最初用于军中,后来传入民间,成为一种普遍的装束。左图为穿窄袖短衣的杂技艺人(战国铜人,传世实物,原件现在美国华府弗里尔美术馆)。中图为穿窄袖短衣胡服的奴仆(河北满城出土当户灯铜人)。右图为戴冠、穿齐膝窄袖胡服的男子(河南三门峡上村岭出土战国铜人)。楚国贵妇服饰Therichwomen’scostumeinChuperiod••primaryoneuntilnow.•TheclotheshowediscameupoutoflandfromChutombinHubeiprovinceandtheclothewastheearliest•(湖北江陵马砖一号楚墓出土实物)。楚墓出土的战国中期服饰实物,有绢、罗、锦、纱、绦等各种衣着十余件,为目前所见的最早的实物。通常用两种颜色的彩条纹锦镶沿Warrior’scostumeinZhanperiod战国武士服饰•ThepictureshowedwasalsoaprimarytruththingwhichcameupoutoflandfromLiaoningprovince.•战国武士服饰春秋时期的青铜盔帽(辽宁出土实物)。当时戴这种盔帽的武士,头都要裹头巾。Men’squjuinHanDanysty汉代男子曲裾•ThePictureshowedbelowwasjustarecovedone汉代长冠thelongcoronalinHanDynasy•InHanDynasty,functionaryhadtowearthelongcoronal.•戴长冠、穿袍服的官员(湖南长沙马王堆汉墓出土着衣木俑)。长冠,汉高祖刘邦先前戴之,用竹皮编制,故称刘氏冠Emperor’scostumeinHanDynasty汉代皇帝冕服•Thepicturewasrecovered.Themianyuontheemperor’scostumewastheimportantsymboltodistinguishgentleandsimple.•本图根据文献记载及图案资料复原绘制,冕冠,是古代帝王臣僚参加祭祀典礼时所戴礼冠。冕冠的顶部,有一块前圆后方的长方形冕板,冕板前后垂有“冕旒”。冕旒依数量及质料的不同,是区分贵贱尊卑的重要标志。汉代将官铠甲Generalofficer’sloricaeinHanDynasty•TheCh’inDynastywasthedynasythatthedatawasthemostwidely,andthemostdetailed.Allofthatduetothediscoveryofthemilitaryforcestombfigure.Theirloricaecostumeputupstermgradesystem.•秦代是我国历史上至今资料最全面、最准确、最详细的朝代,这有归功于秦始皇陵兵马俑的发现。他们的铠甲服饰装束表现出森严的等级制度。Women’squjucostumeinCh’inDynasty秦汉妇女曲裾••Thelapoftheskirtwasusuallyassumedbugleshape,sowhentheywerewalkingthefeetwerehided.Anothergraitwasthateverycollarshouldbeshowedoutsidesothereweresomanyfloorsattheneckline.•下摆一般呈喇叭状,行不露足。通常用交领,领口很低,以便露出里衣。如穿几件衣服,每层领子必露于外,最多的达三层以上,时称“三重衣”。•Enjoy•some•pictures•of•costumethecostumethatbureaucracyworeinTangDynasty唐代官吏常服袍衫••中晚唐回鹘女服•隋唐胄甲辽代北班服饰•Thepictureshowedwasthegoldbeltwhichwastiedonthewaist.Additionallythepictureshowedwastheprimarythingcameupoutofland.•此图为金饰蹀腰带(辽宁辽墓出土实物)金代贵族服饰NoblecostumeinGoldDynasty•PeopleinGoldDynastylikedtousebirdsandbeastastheirvignette,especiallydeer.Suchdecorativetraitwasreflectedalottothecostume.Oneofreasonwhythepatternofdeerusedagreatdealwasthebeautifulfigureofdeer.Theotheronewasthatdeerhadthesamepronunciationas“lu”,andinChineselumeanspropitious.•金代的装饰图案喜用禽兽,尤喜用鹿。这种装饰特点,在衣冠服饰上也得到大量的反映,鹿的图案大量被采用,除其本身的外形较为优美,便于用作装饰外,还有一个原因,即鹿与汉字的“禄”同音,富有吉祥的含意。本图所绘的裙字图案,即饰有鹿纹。明清时期,鹿的图案虽然没有被收进官员补服,但在民间仍属常用,比较多见的是将它与“福”字和“寿”字配合在一起,名谓“福、禄、寿”。NobleusualcostumeinYuanDynastyThehalfsleevegoldcostumeinYuanDynasty元代织金锦半袖GoldwasusedtomakeclothesinYuanDynasty,andthemethodwasmainlyusedinthepalace.ThenobleinSongDynastyalsousegoldinmadingclothes..元代织金锦袍与半袖本图为织金锦半袖展示图。元代服装大量用金,超过以往历代。织物加金,早在秦代以前就已出现。至于汉族服饰上得到运用,时间大约在东汉或东汉以后,而且主要在宫廷中使用。Hanchuwomen’scostumeinYuanDynasty元代汉族妇女服饰••Thepictureshowedwastheprimarythingcameupoutofland.•元代汉族妇女服饰实物图中展示的服饰大都从无锡市郊一座元墓中取出Emperor’susualcostumeinMingDynasty明代皇帝常服•明代皇后大袖衣Empress’scostumeinMingDynasty明代官吏麒麟袍Bureaucracy’sKylinrobeinMingDy
本文标题:中国服装发展史
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